Effendi
Effendi or effendy ( ; ; originally from ) is a title of nobility meaning ''sir'', ''lord'' or ''master'', especially in the Ottoman Empire and the Caucasus''.'' The title itself and its other forms are originally derived from Medieval Greek ''aphentēs'' which is derived from Ancient Greek ''authentēs'' meaning lord.It is a title of respect or courtesy, equivalent to the English Sir. It was used in the Ottoman Empire and Byzantine Empire. It follows the personal name, when it is used, and is generally given to members of the learned professions and to government officials who have high ranks, such as ''bey'' or ''pasha''. It may also indicate a definite office, as , chief physician to the sultan. The possessive form ''efendim'' (my master) was formerly used by slaves, and is commonplace in formal discourse, when answering the telephone, and can substitute for "excuse me" in some situations (e.g. asking someone to repeat something).
In the Ottoman era, the most common title affixed to a personal name after that of ''agha'' was ''efendi''. Such a title would have indicated an "educated gentleman", hence by implication a graduate of a secular state school (), even though at least some if not most of these efendis had once been religious students, or even religious teachers.
Lucy Mary Jane Garnett wrote in the 1904 work ''Turkish Life in Town and Country'' that Ottoman Christians, women, mullahs, sheiks, and princes of the Ottoman royal family could become ''effendi'', a title carrying "the same significance as the French ''Monsieur''" and which was one of two "merely conventional designations as indefinite as our 'Esquire' has come to be [in the United Kingdom]".
The Republican Turkish authorities abolished the title circa the 1930s. Provided by Wikipedia
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3D FcRM modelling in miles per gallon of cars by Rusiman, Mohd. Saifullah, Adnan, Robiah, N. Nasibov, Efendi
Published 2008
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PENGARUH COATING GEL LIDAH BUAYA TERHADAP VIABILITAS DAN VIGOR BENIH KAKAO by Nissa Aulia Aryanti, Aswaldi Anwar, Siska Efendi, Dede Suhendra
Published 2021-09-01
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Community Clustering on Fraud Transactions Applied the Louvain-Coloring Algorithm by Heru Mardiansyah, Saib Suwilo, Erna Budiarti Nababan, Syahril Efendi
Published 2023-09-01
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Peningkatan Kemampuan Peternak dalam Pemanfaatan Ampas Tahu sebagai Pakan Ternak Kambing Melalui Proses Fermentasi Aspergillus niger dan Rhizopus oryzae di Desa Deli Tua Kecamatan... by Yuan Alfinsyah Sihombing, Muhammad Zulham Efendi Sinaga, Rini Hardiyanti
Published 2020-12-01
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