Effendi
Effendi or effendy ( ; ; originally from ) is a title of nobility meaning ''sir'', ''lord'' or ''master'', especially in the Ottoman Empire and the Caucasus''.'' The title itself and its other forms are originally derived from Medieval Greek ''aphentēs'' which is derived from Ancient Greek ''authentēs'' meaning lord.It is a title of respect or courtesy, equivalent to the English Sir. It was used in the Ottoman Empire and Byzantine Empire. It follows the personal name, when it is used, and is generally given to members of the learned professions and to government officials who have high ranks, such as ''bey'' or ''pasha''. It may also indicate a definite office, as , chief physician to the sultan. The possessive form ''efendim'' (my master) was formerly used by slaves, and is commonplace in formal discourse, when answering the telephone, and can substitute for "excuse me" in some situations (e.g. asking someone to repeat something).
In the Ottoman era, the most common title affixed to a personal name after that of ''agha'' was ''efendi''. Such a title would have indicated an "educated gentleman", hence by implication a graduate of a secular state school (), even though at least some if not most of these efendis had once been religious students, or even religious teachers.
Lucy Mary Jane Garnett wrote in the 1904 work ''Turkish Life in Town and Country'' that Ottoman Christians, women, mullahs, sheiks, and princes of the Ottoman royal family could become ''effendi'', a title carrying "the same significance as the French ''Monsieur''" and which was one of two "merely conventional designations as indefinite as our 'Esquire' has come to be [in the United Kingdom]".
The Republican Turkish authorities abolished the title circa the 1930s. Provided by Wikipedia
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Implementation of Total Quality Management and Curriculum on the Education Quality by Nur Efendi
Published 2022-09-01
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Pathogens causing bovine mastitis in selected farms in Labis, Johor by S Efendi, Ayunarni
Published 2016
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Peramalan Beban Listrik Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan Dengan Analisis Regresi by Zulka Hendri, Efendi Efendi, Junaidi Asrul, Fitriadi Fitriadi
Published 2023-06-01
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The Impact of Bektashi Penetration on the Ottoman Empire by Meirison Meirison, Testru Hendra, Efendi Efendi, Ayu Rustriana Rusli
Published 2022-11-01
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Tasawuf Urban dan Tasawuf Perenial dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Perkotaan by Diah Arvionita, Efendi Efendi, Eka Putra Wirman, Zainal Zainal
Published 2023-06-01
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Valve timing study of a single cylinder motorcycle engine / by Jefry, Dedi Efendi
Published 2009
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Development of buckboost converter for DC motor speed control application by Ahmad Efendi, Mohamad
Published 2010
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Çeşme’de Bulunan Küçük Ölçekli Konaklama Tesisleri; Covid-19 Süreci ve EŞikayetlerin İncelenmesi by Dr. Mahmut EFENDİ
Published 2021-03-01
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Kedudukan Asas Konsensualisme dalam Transaksi Terapeutik antara Dokter dengan Pasien by Nuril Hikam Efendi
Published 2023-11-01
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CODE ETHIC SUPERVISION AND ENFORCEMENT OF ADVOCATE IN INDONESIA by Jonaedi Efendi, Sulaksono
Published 2021-12-01
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Peranan Sistem Informasi dengan Online Trading terhadap Pertumbuhan Pasar Modal di Indonesia by Riswan Efendi Tarigan
Published 2013-12-01
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NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM KISAH NABI NUH AS by SUFRIN EFENDI LUBIS
Published 2017-06-01
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Konsep Hukuman dan Ganjaran dalam Al-Qur’an dan Hadits by Dedi Efendi, Charles
Published 2023-01-01
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BUDAYA ORGANISASI PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI JIWA DI INDONESIA by Edward Efendi Silalahi
Published 2017-05-01
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