Effendi
Effendi or effendy ( ; ; originally from ) is a title of nobility meaning ''sir'', ''lord'' or ''master'', especially in the Ottoman Empire and the Caucasus''.'' The title itself and its other forms are originally derived from Medieval Greek ''aphentēs'' which is derived from Ancient Greek ''authentēs'' meaning lord.It is a title of respect or courtesy, equivalent to the English Sir. It was used in the Ottoman Empire and Byzantine Empire. It follows the personal name, when it is used, and is generally given to members of the learned professions and to government officials who have high ranks, such as ''bey'' or ''pasha''. It may also indicate a definite office, as , chief physician to the sultan. The possessive form ''efendim'' (my master) was formerly used by slaves, and is commonplace in formal discourse, when answering the telephone, and can substitute for "excuse me" in some situations (e.g. asking someone to repeat something).
In the Ottoman era, the most common title affixed to a personal name after that of ''agha'' was ''efendi''. Such a title would have indicated an "educated gentleman", hence by implication a graduate of a secular state school (), even though at least some if not most of these efendis had once been religious students, or even religious teachers.
Lucy Mary Jane Garnett wrote in the 1904 work ''Turkish Life in Town and Country'' that Ottoman Christians, women, mullahs, sheiks, and princes of the Ottoman royal family could become ''effendi'', a title carrying "the same significance as the French ''Monsieur''" and which was one of two "merely conventional designations as indefinite as our 'Esquire' has come to be [in the United Kingdom]".
The Republican Turkish authorities abolished the title circa the 1930s. Provided by Wikipedia
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Factors that cause Work Fatigue among Shipyard Workers by Siti Rokhati, Noeroel Widajati, Endang Dwiyanti, Saliza Mohd Elias, Andi Aziz Efendi, Adinda Novia Ardhani
Published 2023-09-01
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Community Assistance For Quality Improvement And Testing Of Dairy Products As A Superior Product In Krisik Village, Gandusari District, Blitar Regency by Henny Pramoedyo, Novi Nur Aini, Bestari Archita Safitri, Suci Astutik, Achmad Efendi, Loekito Adi Soehono
Published 2022-08-01
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Inovasi Organisasi Desain Komunikasi Visual Produk Lokal by Syahril Furqany, M.I.Kom, Hendri Ahmadian, Ibnu Sa'dan, Yusnadi MS, Hasrat Efendi Samosir
Published 2023-12-01
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