Effendi
Effendi or effendy ( ; ; originally from ) is a title of nobility meaning ''sir'', ''lord'' or ''master'', especially in the Ottoman Empire and the Caucasus''.'' The title itself and its other forms are originally derived from Medieval Greek ''aphentēs'' which is derived from Ancient Greek ''authentēs'' meaning lord.It is a title of respect or courtesy, equivalent to the English Sir. It was used in the Ottoman Empire and Byzantine Empire. It follows the personal name, when it is used, and is generally given to members of the learned professions and to government officials who have high ranks, such as ''bey'' or ''pasha''. It may also indicate a definite office, as , chief physician to the sultan. The possessive form ''efendim'' (my master) was formerly used by slaves, and is commonplace in formal discourse, when answering the telephone, and can substitute for "excuse me" in some situations (e.g. asking someone to repeat something).
In the Ottoman era, the most common title affixed to a personal name after that of ''agha'' was ''efendi''. Such a title would have indicated an "educated gentleman", hence by implication a graduate of a secular state school (), even though at least some if not most of these efendis had once been religious students, or even religious teachers.
Lucy Mary Jane Garnett wrote in the 1904 work ''Turkish Life in Town and Country'' that Ottoman Christians, women, mullahs, sheiks, and princes of the Ottoman royal family could become ''effendi'', a title carrying "the same significance as the French ''Monsieur''" and which was one of two "merely conventional designations as indefinite as our 'Esquire' has come to be [in the United Kingdom]".
The Republican Turkish authorities abolished the title circa the 1930s. Provided by Wikipedia
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Socio-Economic and Demographic Factors Associated with Knowledge and Attitude of HIV/AIDS among Women Aged 15–49 Years Old in Indonesia by Feny Deya Virdausi, Ferry Efendi, Tiyas Kusumaningrum, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Lisa McKenna, Kadar Ramadhan, Ika Adelia Susanti
Published 2022-08-01
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A critical study of false doctrine, looking into the concept and its punishments under the Syariah Criminal offences enactments in Malaysia / Mohd Efendi Mohd Razali … [et al.] by Mohd Razali, Mohd Efendi, Bohari, Mohd Adam, Mahadi, Amirul Syafiq, Mat Zin, Mohd Faiz, Zainuzzaman, Nik Mohd Faris Syazwan
Published 2010
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Optimization of adsorption conditions using response surface methodology for glyphosate removal from river water matrices by granular activated carbon by Hartinie Marbawi, Mohd Yunus Abd. Shukor, Jualang Azlan Gansau, Ahmad Razi Othman, Mohd Izuan Efendi Halmi, Nur Adeela Yasid
Published 2023
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Healthcare-seeking behavior for children aged 0-59 months: Evidence from 2002-2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys. by Uswatun Khasanah, Ferry Efendi, Eka Mishbahatul M Has, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Kadar Ramadhan, Yessy Dessy Arna, Wedad M Almutairi
Published 2023-01-01
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Identification of Genetic Diversity of P21-Activated Kinases (PAK1) Gene in Senduro Goats and Boerawa Goats using PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Po... by Heri Damayanti, Tri Eko Susilorini, Guruh Prasetyo, Nur Hidayah, Ahmad Zarkasi Efendi, Ari Ardiantoro, Wike Andre Septian Septian, Suyadi Suyadi
Published 2023-12-01
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Healthcare-seeking behavior for children aged 0–59 months: Evidence from 2002–2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys by Uswatun Khasanah, Ferry Efendi, Eka Mishbahatul M. Has, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Kadar Ramadhan, Yessy Dessy Arna, Wedad M. Almutairi
Published 2023-01-01
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Effects of incorporating banana skin powder (BSP) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) on mechanical properties of lightweight foamed concrete by Mohamad, N., A. Samad, A. A., Lakhiar, Muhammad Tahir, Mydin, Md Azree Othuman, Jusoh, Suriani, A., Sofia, Efendi, Suaidi Azis
Published 2018
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Peningkatan Minat dan Kemampuan Santri Pondok Pesantren Al Ashry di Bidang Matematika Melalui Pendekatan Small Group Discussion by Izzati Rahmi HG, Admi Nazra, Hazmira Yozza, Ferra Yanuar, Budi Rudianto, Susila Bahri, Narwen Narwen, Maiyastri Maiyastri, Haripamyu Haripamyu, Riri Lestari, Yudiantri Asdi, Efendi Efendi, Dodi Devianto, Zulakmal Zulakmal, Ahmad Iqbal Baqi, Arrival Rince Putri, Radhiatul Husna, Nova Noliza Bakar, Mawanda Almuhayar, Ikhlas Pratama Sandi
Published 2023-12-01
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The Role of Knowledge, Attitude, Confidence, and Sociodemographic Factors in COVID-19 Vaccination Adherence among Adolescents in Indonesia: A Nationwide Survey by Defi Efendi, Sabira Ridha Rifani, Ariesta Milanti, Ferry Efendi, Cho Lee Wong, Yeni Rustina, Dessie Wanda, Dian Sari, Ivonne Junita Fabanjo, Elzina Dina De Fretes, Rini Wahyuni Mohamad, Oktoviandi Sawasemariay, Ruth Harriet Faidiban, Qoriah Nur, Indah Benita Tiwery, Mega Hasanul Huda, Oktovina Mobalen, Nuraidah
Published 2022-09-01
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