Effendi
Effendi or effendy ( ; ; originally from ) is a title of nobility meaning ''sir'', ''lord'' or ''master'', especially in the Ottoman Empire and the Caucasus''.'' The title itself and its other forms are originally derived from Medieval Greek ''aphentēs'' which is derived from Ancient Greek ''authentēs'' meaning lord.It is a title of respect or courtesy, equivalent to the English Sir. It was used in the Ottoman Empire and Byzantine Empire. It follows the personal name, when it is used, and is generally given to members of the learned professions and to government officials who have high ranks, such as ''bey'' or ''pasha''. It may also indicate a definite office, as , chief physician to the sultan. The possessive form ''efendim'' (my master) was formerly used by slaves, and is commonplace in formal discourse, when answering the telephone, and can substitute for "excuse me" in some situations (e.g. asking someone to repeat something).
In the Ottoman era, the most common title affixed to a personal name after that of ''agha'' was ''efendi''. Such a title would have indicated an "educated gentleman", hence by implication a graduate of a secular state school (), even though at least some if not most of these efendis had once been religious students, or even religious teachers.
Lucy Mary Jane Garnett wrote in the 1904 work ''Turkish Life in Town and Country'' that Ottoman Christians, women, mullahs, sheiks, and princes of the Ottoman royal family could become ''effendi'', a title carrying "the same significance as the French ''Monsieur''" and which was one of two "merely conventional designations as indefinite as our 'Esquire' has come to be [in the United Kingdom]".
The Republican Turkish authorities abolished the title circa the 1930s. Provided by Wikipedia
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Improve Critical Thinking Skills with Informatics Educational Games by Samin, Gunarhadi, Agus Efendi
Published 2022-09-01
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Nalar Atensi Pemilihan Perguruan Tinggi Islam di Program Studi FTIK UIN K.H Achmad Shiddiq Jember by Erfan Efendi, Abd Rozzaq
Published 2022-08-01
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Prinsip Isonomi di Indonesia: Filosofi, Makna, dan Perbandingan by Aan Efendi, Freddy Poernomo
Published 2022-06-01
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KEANEKARAGAMAN SERANGGA PENGUNJUNG BUNGA KELAPA SAWIT AKSESI KAMERUN DAN ANGOLA by Siska Efendi, Dewi Rezki
Published 2021-09-01
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POLA DISTRIBUSI KAYU PENGHARA UNTUK INDUSTRI PENGGERGAJIAN DI DAERAH JAWA TENGAH by Rachman Efendi, Subandi Antaatmaja
Published 2017-08-01
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KEANEKARAGAMAN SERANGGA PREDATOR PADA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DI LAHAN BUKAAN BARU DAN BUKAAN LAMA by Ahmad Danial, Siska Efendi
Published 2020-09-01
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Green Economy Based Agriculture Extension in Klaten Regency: A Literature Study on Evaluation and Strategy by Lukman Efendi, Sri Suharsih
Published 2023-06-01
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The Alternative Urgency of Dispute Resolution through Arbitration by Sulaksono SULAKSONO, Jonaedi EFENDI
Published 2022-06-01
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LEARNER FEEDBACK TO THE INITIAL TEACHER EDUCATOR’S EAP TEACHING: A REFLECTIVE STUDY by Ihtiara Fitrianingsih, Anwar Efendi
Published 2023-06-01
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