Effendi
Effendi or effendy ( ; ; originally from ) is a title of nobility meaning ''sir'', ''lord'' or ''master'', especially in the Ottoman Empire and the Caucasus''.'' The title itself and its other forms are originally derived from Medieval Greek ''aphentēs'' which is derived from Ancient Greek ''authentēs'' meaning lord.It is a title of respect or courtesy, equivalent to the English Sir. It was used in the Ottoman Empire and Byzantine Empire. It follows the personal name, when it is used, and is generally given to members of the learned professions and to government officials who have high ranks, such as ''bey'' or ''pasha''. It may also indicate a definite office, as , chief physician to the sultan. The possessive form ''efendim'' (my master) was formerly used by slaves, and is commonplace in formal discourse, when answering the telephone, and can substitute for "excuse me" in some situations (e.g. asking someone to repeat something).
In the Ottoman era, the most common title affixed to a personal name after that of ''agha'' was ''efendi''. Such a title would have indicated an "educated gentleman", hence by implication a graduate of a secular state school (), even though at least some if not most of these efendis had once been religious students, or even religious teachers.
Lucy Mary Jane Garnett wrote in the 1904 work ''Turkish Life in Town and Country'' that Ottoman Christians, women, mullahs, sheiks, and princes of the Ottoman royal family could become ''effendi'', a title carrying "the same significance as the French ''Monsieur''" and which was one of two "merely conventional designations as indefinite as our 'Esquire' has come to be [in the United Kingdom]".
The Republican Turkish authorities abolished the title circa the 1930s. Provided by Wikipedia
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Literasi digital mahasiswa dan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh by Riswanti Rini, Nurain Suryadinata, Ujang Efendi
Published 2022-10-01
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Dialectics of Religion and Culture by Lalu Muhammad Ridho Firmansyah, Faizal Efendi
Published 2022-10-01
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Determinants of Employee Work Satisfaction by Idris Idris, Saefudin Zuhri, Mohammad Efendi
Published 2018-11-01
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The Besemah Community’s Indigenous Knowledge of Tebat Bukit Conservation in Tebat Benawa Village by Doki Efendi, Meilinda Meilinda, Riyanto Riyanto
Published 2021-12-01
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PENGARUH FASILITAS BELAJAR BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA by Havid Muhamad, Agus Efendi, Basori Basori
Published 2019-03-01
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MENGEMBANGKAN POTENSI DAN KECERDASAN DENGAN MENGHARGAI FITRAH ANAK by Moh. Yusuf Efendi, M. Iqbal Tawakkal
Published 2018-03-01
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Blockchain in Land Registry by Fauzi Amri, Poltak Sihombing, Syahril Efendi
Published 2023-01-01
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EFEKTIVITAS MODEL ICARE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF ALAT OPTIK by Risda Destari, Parsaoran Siahaan, Ridwan Efendi
Published 2021-05-01
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