Effendi
Effendi or effendy ( ; ; originally from ) is a title of nobility meaning ''sir'', ''lord'' or ''master'', especially in the Ottoman Empire and the Caucasus''.'' The title itself and its other forms are originally derived from Medieval Greek ''aphentēs'' which is derived from Ancient Greek ''authentēs'' meaning lord.It is a title of respect or courtesy, equivalent to the English Sir. It was used in the Ottoman Empire and Byzantine Empire. It follows the personal name, when it is used, and is generally given to members of the learned professions and to government officials who have high ranks, such as ''bey'' or ''pasha''. It may also indicate a definite office, as , chief physician to the sultan. The possessive form ''efendim'' (my master) was formerly used by slaves, and is commonplace in formal discourse, when answering the telephone, and can substitute for "excuse me" in some situations (e.g. asking someone to repeat something).
In the Ottoman era, the most common title affixed to a personal name after that of ''agha'' was ''efendi''. Such a title would have indicated an "educated gentleman", hence by implication a graduate of a secular state school (), even though at least some if not most of these efendis had once been religious students, or even religious teachers.
Lucy Mary Jane Garnett wrote in the 1904 work ''Turkish Life in Town and Country'' that Ottoman Christians, women, mullahs, sheiks, and princes of the Ottoman royal family could become ''effendi'', a title carrying "the same significance as the French ''Monsieur''" and which was one of two "merely conventional designations as indefinite as our 'Esquire' has come to be [in the United Kingdom]".
The Republican Turkish authorities abolished the title circa the 1930s. Provided by Wikipedia
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Transfer of Agricultural Land Function in relation to Spatial Law on by Yusuf Efendi, Mohammad Roesli, Asep Heri
Published 2023-03-01
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Evaluasi Kinerja Jalan Jendral Ahmad Yani Depan Pasar Kosambi Bandung by Tan Lie Ing, Indra Rachman Efendi
Published 2019-03-01
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Perbandingan Metode Konstruksi Dinding Bata Merah dengan Dinding Bata Ringan by Michael Tedja, Charleshan Charleshan, Jefri Efendi
Published 2014-06-01
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Increasing Speech Building Abilities for Children with Hearing Impairment by Heavy Evasari, Mohammad Efendi, Henry Praherdhiono
Published 2018-12-01
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Development of E-Module Oriented Flipped Classroom Strategies in Computer Network Learning by Abna Hidayati, Andra Saputra, Raimon Efendi
Published 2020-06-01
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The related factors of phlebitis among low birth weight infants in perinatology ward by Risna Yuningsih, Yeni Rustina, Defi Efendi
Published 2020-06-01
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PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PEMBAYARAN UANG KOMITE SEKOLAH BERBASIS WEB by Ellbert Hutabri, Regina Darman, Romi Efendi
Published 2021-06-01
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Analisis Kepuasan Konsumen Terhadap Kue Baytat Bengkulu by Eka Kurniati, Evanila Silvia, Zulman Efendi
Published 2016-10-01
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The Effect of Social Media to the Brand Awareness of a Product of a Company by Hansel Bagus Tritama, Riswan Efendi Tarigan
Published 2016-05-01
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Determinants of Employee Work Satisfaction by Idris Idris, Saefudin Zuhri, Mohammad Efendi
Published 2018-11-01
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Determinants of Employee Work Satisfaction by Idris Idris, Saefudin Zuhri, Mohammad Efendi
Published 2018-11-01
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Evaluation of Computer Network Simulation Applications to Support Online Learning by Ismoyo Putro, Puspanda Hatta, Agus Efendi
Published 2022-12-01
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