Effendi
Effendi or effendy ( ; ; originally from ) is a title of nobility meaning ''sir'', ''lord'' or ''master'', especially in the Ottoman Empire and the Caucasus''.'' The title itself and its other forms are originally derived from Medieval Greek ''aphentēs'' which is derived from Ancient Greek ''authentēs'' meaning lord.It is a title of respect or courtesy, equivalent to the English Sir. It was used in the Ottoman Empire and Byzantine Empire. It follows the personal name, when it is used, and is generally given to members of the learned professions and to government officials who have high ranks, such as ''bey'' or ''pasha''. It may also indicate a definite office, as , chief physician to the sultan. The possessive form ''efendim'' (my master) was formerly used by slaves, and is commonplace in formal discourse, when answering the telephone, and can substitute for "excuse me" in some situations (e.g. asking someone to repeat something).
In the Ottoman era, the most common title affixed to a personal name after that of ''agha'' was ''efendi''. Such a title would have indicated an "educated gentleman", hence by implication a graduate of a secular state school (), even though at least some if not most of these efendis had once been religious students, or even religious teachers.
Lucy Mary Jane Garnett wrote in the 1904 work ''Turkish Life in Town and Country'' that Ottoman Christians, women, mullahs, sheiks, and princes of the Ottoman royal family could become ''effendi'', a title carrying "the same significance as the French ''Monsieur''" and which was one of two "merely conventional designations as indefinite as our 'Esquire' has come to be [in the United Kingdom]".
The Republican Turkish authorities abolished the title circa the 1930s. Provided by Wikipedia
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NEED ANALYSIS FOR PODCAST DEVELOPMENT IN TEACHING SPEAKING FOR ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS by Efendi
Published 2022-09-01
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Tanggung Jawab Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah dalam Pembuatan Akta untuk Menghindari Pajak by Ardanto Nugroho, Yanis Rinaldi, Efendi Efendi
Published 2021-12-01
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Bahasa dan Pembentukan Citra dalam Komunikasi Periklanan di Televisi by Anwar Efendi
Published 2015-03-01
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Çeşme’de Bulunan Küçük Ölçekli Konaklama Tesisleri; Covid-19 Süreci ve EŞikayetlerin İncelenmesi by Mahmut Efendi
Published 2021-05-01
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Karakteristik Morfologis Sapi Kaur Betina Pada Dua Agroekosistem Di Kabupaten Kaur by Zul Efendi
Published 2018-12-01
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Penerapan Internet of Things (IoT) Sistem Pengendalian Lampu Berbasis Web Menggunakan Raspberry Pi 3 by Yoyon Efendi
Published 2018-08-01
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Çeşme’de Bulunan Küçük Ölçekli Konaklama Tesisleri; Covid-19 Süreci ve EŞikayetlerin İncelenmesi by Mahmut Efendi
Published 2021-05-01
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IMPLEMENTASI KEARIFAN BUDAYA LOKAL PADA MASYARAKAT ADAT KAMPUNG KUTA SEBAGAI SUMBER PEMBELAJARAN IPS by Agus Efendi
Published 2014-12-01
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Konstitusionalitas Masa Tunggu Eksekusi bagi Terpidana Mati dalam Sistem Pemidanaan by Roni Efendi
Published 2019-07-01
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Mengembangkan Kecerdasan Emosional Anak melalui Kebiasaan Bercerita (Dongeng) by Anwar Efendi
Published 2015-03-01
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PENGARUH PENGEMBANGAN DIRI DAN SUPERVISI PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP KOMPETENSI GURU PKN DI KABUPATEN SOLOK SELATAN by Fidel Efendi
Published 2022-05-01
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The Teacher’s Paradigm to Learning in The Independent Curriculum at Elementary School: A Study in Jayapura City by Didik Efendi
Published 2023-12-01
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IBM RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PENGERING DAN SETRIKA UAP UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIFITAS KELOMPOK USAHA LAUNDRY by Agus Efendi
Published 2017-07-01
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Hak Hewan: Pemikiran, Perbedaan dan Praktik di Pengadilan by A’an Efendi
Published 2016-03-01
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