Jainism
Jainism ( ), also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religion. Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four ''tirthankara''s (supreme preachers of ''Dharma''), with the first in the current time cycle being Rishabhadeva, whom the tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third ''tirthankara'' Parshvanatha, whom historians date to the 9th century BCE, and the twenty-fourth ''tirthankara'' Mahavira, around 600 BCE. Jainism is considered an eternal ''dharma'' with the ''tirthankaras'' guiding every time cycle of the cosmology. Central to understanding Jain philosophy is the concept of ''bhedvigyān'', or the clear distinction in the nature of the soul and non-soul entities. This principle underscores the innate purity and potential for liberation within every soul, distinct from the physical and mental elements that bind it to the cycle of birth and rebirth. Recognizing and internalizing this separation is essential for spiritual progress and the attainment of ''samyak darshan'' or self realization, which marks the beginning of the aspirant's journey towards liberation. The three main pillars of Jainism are ''ahiṃsā'' (non-violence), ''anekāntavāda'' (non-absolutism), and ''aparigraha'' (asceticism).Jain monks take five main vows: ''ahiṃsā'' (non-violence), ''satya'' (truth), ''asteya'' (not stealing), ''brahmacharya'' (chastity), and ''aparigraha'' (non-possessiveness). These principles have affected Jain culture in many ways, such as leading to a predominantly lacto-vegetarian lifestyle. ''Parasparopagraho jīvānām'' (the function of souls is to help one another) is the faith's motto, and the ''Namokar Mantra'' is its most common and strongest prayer.
Jainism is one of the oldest religions still practiced today. It has two major ancient sub-traditions, Digambaras and Śvētāmbaras, which hold different views on ascetic practices, gender, and the texts considered canonical. Both sub-traditions have mendicants supported by laypersons (''śrāvakas'' and ''śrāvikas''). The Śvētāmbara tradition in turn has two sub-traditions: Deravasi, also known as Mandirmargis, and Sthānakavasī. The religion has between four and five million followers, known as Jains or Jainas, who reside mostly in India, where they numbered around 4.5 million at the 2011 census. Outside India, some of the largest Jain communities can be found in Canada, Europe, and the United States. Japan is also home to a fast-growing community of converts. Major festivals include ''Paryushana'' and ''Das Lakshana'', ''Ashtanika'', ''Mahavir Janma Kalyanak'', ''Akshaya Tritiya'', and ''Diwali''. Provided by Wikipedia
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Diversity management and the presumptive universality of categories : the case of the Indians in Singapore by Jain, Ritu, Wee, Lionel
Published 2020
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Language education policy - Singapore by Jain, Ritu, Wee, Lionel
Published 2023
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Contemporary issues of integrating new Indian immigrants in Singapore by Jain, Ritu, Selvarajan, Shanthini
Published 2024
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Molecular difference between WASP and N-WASP critical for chemotaxis of T-cells towards SDF-1α by Jain, Neeraj, Thanabalu, Thirumaran
Published 2015
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Cartographic mismatches and language policy: the case of Hindi in Singapore by Jain, Ritu, Wee, Lionel
Published 2017
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Cochrane corner: antibiotic prophylaxis for mammalian bites (intervention review). by Henton, J, Jain, A
Published 2012Journal article -
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A 13-year review of plastic and hand surgery research funding by the National Institute of Health Research by Nolan, G, Jain, A
Published 2019Journal article -
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Qualitative Analysis of an Integro-Differential Equation Model of Periodic Chemotherapy by Jain, H, Byrne, H
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Cochrane corner: antibiotic prophylaxis for mammalian bites (intervention review). by Henton, J, Jain, A
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Qualitative analysis of an integro-differential equation model of periodic chemotherapy by Jain, H, Byrne, H
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Enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis and lymphocytic colitis: drug-related coexistent pathology. by Jain, R, Chetty, R
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Cochrane corner: bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) for fracture healing in adults. by Glass, G, Jain, A
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Repurposing of potent drug candidates for multiparasite targeting by Jain, V, Sharma, A
Published 2017Journal article