Hygiene hypothesis
In medicine, the hygiene hypothesis states that early childhood exposure to particular microorganisms (such as the gut flora and helminth parasites) protects against allergies by properly tuning the immune system. In particular, a lack of such exposure is thought to lead to poor immune tolerance. The time period for exposure begins before birth and ends at school age.While early versions of the hypothesis referred to microorganism exposure in general, later versions apply to a specific set of microbes that have co-evolved with humans. The updates have been given various names, including the microbiome depletion hypothesis, the microflora hypothesis, and the "old friends" hypothesis. There is a significant amount of evidence supporting the idea that lack of exposure to these microbes is linked to allergies or other conditions, although it is still rejected by many scientists.
The term "hygiene hypothesis" has been described as a misnomer because people incorrectly interpret it as referring to their own cleanliness. Having worse personal hygiene, such as not washing hands before eating, only increases the risk of infection without affecting the risk of allergies or immune disorders. Hygiene is essential for protecting vulnerable populations such as the elderly from infections, preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance, and combating emerging infectious diseases such as Ebola. The hygiene hypothesis does not suggest that having more infections during childhood would be an overall benefit. Provided by Wikipedia
Showing 1 - 20 results of 38 for search 'David P. Strachan', query time: 0.08s
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The hygiene hypothesis for allergy – conception and evolution by Michael R Perkin, David P Strachan
Published 2022-11-01
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Overweight/obesity and respiratory and allergic disease in children: international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) phase two. by Gudrun Weinmayr, Francesco Forastiere, Gisela Büchele, Andrea Jaensch, David P Strachan, Gabriele Nagel, ISAAC Phase Two Study Group
Published 2014-01-01
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Correction: Overweight/Obesity and Respiratory and Allergic Disease in Children: International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Two. by Gudrun Weinmayr, Francesco Forastiere, Gisela Büchele, Andrea Jaensch, David P Strachan, Gabriele Nagel, ISAAC Phase Two Study Group
Published 2015-01-01
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Comparison of individual-level and population-level risk factors for rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, and eczema in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)... by Charlotte E. Rutter, Richard J. Silverwood, M.Innes Asher, Philippa Ellwood, Neil Pearce, Luis Garcia-Marcos, David P. Strachan
Published 2020-06-01
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Patterns of Allergic Sensitization and Factors Associated With Emergence of Sensitization in the Rural Tropics Early in the Life Course: Findings of an Ecuadorian Birth Cohort by Philip J. Cooper, Philip J. Cooper, Philip J. Cooper, Irina Chis Ster, Martha E. Chico, Maritza Vaca, Mauricio L. Barreto, David P. Strachan
Published 2021-08-01
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Vitamin D levels and susceptibility to asthma, elevated immunoglobulin E levels, and atopic dermatitis: A Mendelian randomization study. by Despoina Manousaki, Lavinia Paternoster, Marie Standl, Miriam F Moffatt, Martin Farrall, Emmanuelle Bouzigon, David P Strachan, Florence Demenais, Mark Lathrop, William O C M Cookson, J Brent Richards
Published 2017-05-01
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GWAS on retinal vasculometry phenotypes by Xiaofan Jiang, Pirro G. Hysi, Anthony P. Khawaja, Omar A. Mahroo, Zihe Xu, Christopher J. Hammond, Paul J. Foster, Roshan A. Welikala, Sarah A. Barman, Peter H. Whincup, Alicja R. Rudnicka, Christopher G. Owen, David P. Strachan
Published 2023-02-01
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GWAS on retinal vasculometry phenotypes. by Xiaofan Jiang, Pirro G Hysi, Anthony P Khawaja, Omar A Mahroo, Zihe Xu, Christopher J Hammond, Paul J Foster, Roshan A Welikala, Sarah A Barman, Peter H Whincup, Alicja R Rudnicka, Christopher G Owen, David P Strachan, UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium
Published 2023-02-01
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Causal and synthetic associations of variants in the SERPINA gene cluster with alpha1-antitrypsin serum levels. by Gian Andri Thun, Medea Imboden, Ilaria Ferrarotti, Ashish Kumar, Ma'en Obeidat, Michele Zorzetto, Margot Haun, Ivan Curjuric, Alexessander Couto Alves, Victoria E Jackson, Eva Albrecht, Janina S Ried, Alexander Teumer, Lorna M Lopez, Jennifer E Huffman, Stefan Enroth, Yohan Bossé, Ke Hao, Wim Timens, Ulf Gyllensten, Ozren Polasek, James F Wilson, Igor Rudan, Caroline Hayward, Andrew J Sandford, Ian J Deary, Beate Koch, Eva Reischl, Holger Schulz, Jennie Hui, Alan L James, Thierry Rochat, Erich W Russi, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, David P Strachan, Ian P Hall, Martin D Tobin, Morten Dahl, Sune Fallgaard Nielsen, Børge G Nordestgaard, Florian Kronenberg, Maurizio Luisetti, Nicole M Probst-Hensch
Published 2013-01-01
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Correction: Genome-Wide Association Studies of Asthma in Population-Based Cohorts Confirm Known and Suggested Loci and Identify an Additional Association near HLA. by Adaikalavan Ramasamy, Mikko Kuokkanen, Sailaja Vedantam, Zofia K Gajdos, Alexessander Couto Alves, Helen N Lyon, Manuel A R Ferreira, David P Strachan, Jing Hua Zhao, Michael J Abramson, Matthew A Brown, Lachlan Coin, Shyamali C Dharmage, David L Duffy, Tari Haahtela, Andrew C Heath, Christer Janson, Mika Kähönen, Kay-Tee Khaw, Jaana Laitinen, Peter Le Souef, Terho Lehtimäki, Australian Asthma Genetics Consortium collaborators, Pamela A F Madden, Guy B Marks, Nicholas G Martin, Melanie C Matheson, Cameron D Palmer, Aarno Palotie, Anneli Pouta, Colin F Robertson, Jorma Viikari, Elisabeth Widen, Matthias Wjst, Deborah L Jarvis, Grant W Montgomery, Philip J Thompson, Nick Wareham, Johan Eriksson, Pekka Jousilahti, Tarja Laitinen, Juha Pekkanen, Olli T Raitakari, George T O'Connor, Veikko Salomaa, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Joel N Hirschhorn
Published 2013-01-01
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Genome-wide association studies of asthma in population-based cohorts confirm known and suggested loci and identify an additional association near HLA. by Adaikalavan Ramasamy, Mikko Kuokkanen, Sailaja Vedantam, Zofia K Gajdos, Alexessander Couto Alves, Helen N Lyon, Manuel A R Ferreira, David P Strachan, Jing Hua Zhao, Michael J Abramson, Matthew A Brown, Lachlan Coin, Shyamali C Dharmage, David L Duffy, Tari Haahtela, Andrew C Heath, Christer Janson, Mika Kähönen, Kay-Tee Khaw, Jaana Laitinen, Peter Le Souef, Terho Lehtimäki, Australian Asthma Genetics Consortium Collaborators, Pamela A F Madden, Guy B Marks, Nicholas G Martin, Melanie C Matheson, Cameron D Palmer, Aarno Palotie, Anneli Pouta, Colin F Robertson, Jorma Viikari, Elisabeth Widen, Matthias Wjst, Deborah L Jarvis, Grant W Montgomery, Philip J Thompson, Nick Wareham, Johan Eriksson, Pekka Jousilahti, Tarja Laitinen, Juha Pekkanen, Olli T Raitakari, George T O'Connor, Veikko Salomaa, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Joel N Hirschhorn
Published 2012-01-01
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Variants associated with HHIP expression have sex-differential effects on lung function [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] by Katherine A. Fawcett, Ma'en Obeidat, Carl Melbourne, Nick Shrine, Anna L. Guyatt, Catherine John, Jian'an Luan, Anne Richmond, Marta R. Moksnes, Raquel Granell, Stefan Weiss, Medea Imboden, Sebastian May-Wilson, Pirro Hysi, Thibaud S. Boutin, Laura Portas, Claudia Flexeder, Sarah E. Harris, Carol A. Wang, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Teemu Palviainen, Rachel E. Foong, Dirk Keidel, Cosetta Minelli, Claudia Langenberg, Yohan Bossé, Maarten Van den Berge, Don D. Sin, Ke Hao, Archie Campbell, David Porteous, Sandosh Padmanabhan, Blair H. Smith, David M. Evans, Sue Ring, Arnulf Langhammer, Kristian Hveem, Cristen Willer, Ralf Ewert, Beate Stubbe, Nicola Pirastu, Lucija Klaric, Peter K. Joshi, Karina Patasova, Mangino Massimo, Ozren Polasek, John M. Starr, Stefan Karrasch, Konstantin Strauch, Thomas Meitinger, Igor Rudan, Taina Rantanen, Kirsi Pietiläinen, Mika Kähönen, Olli T. Raitakari, Graham L. Hall, Peter D. Sly, Craig E. Pennell, Jaakko Kaprio, Terho Lehtimäki, Veronique Vitart, Ian J. Deary, Debbie Jarvis, James F. Wilson, Tim Spector, Nicole Probst-Hensch, Nicholas J. Wareham, Henry Völzke, John Henderson, David P. Strachan, Ben M. Brumpton, Caroline Hayward, Ian P. Hall, Martin D. Tobin, Louise V. Wain
Published 2021-05-01
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Genome-wide association study of blood pressure extremes identifies variant near UMOD associated with hypertension. by Sandosh Padmanabhan, Olle Melander, Toby Johnson, Anna Maria Di Blasio, Wai K Lee, Davide Gentilini, Claire E Hastie, Cristina Menni, Maria Cristina Monti, Christian Delles, Stewart Laing, Barbara Corso, Gerjan Navis, Arjan J Kwakernaak, Pim van der Harst, Murielle Bochud, Marc Maillard, Michel Burnier, Thomas Hedner, Sverre Kjeldsen, Björn Wahlstrand, Marketa Sjögren, Cristiano Fava, Martina Montagnana, Elisa Danese, Ole Torffvit, Bo Hedblad, Harold Snieder, John M C Connell, Morris Brown, Nilesh J Samani, Martin Farrall, Giancarlo Cesana, Giuseppe Mancia, Stefano Signorini, Guido Grassi, Susana Eyheramendy, H Erich Wichmann, Maris Laan, David P Strachan, Peter Sever, Denis Colm Shields, Alice Stanton, Peter Vollenweider, Alexander Teumer, Henry Völzke, Rainer Rettig, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Pankaj Arora, Feng Zhang, Nicole Soranzo, Timothy D Spector, Gavin Lucas, Sekar Kathiresan, David S Siscovick, Jian'an Luan, Ruth J F Loos, Nicholas J Wareham, Brenda W Penninx, Ilja M Nolte, Martin McBride, William H Miller, Stuart A Nicklin, Andrew H Baker, Delyth Graham, Robert A McDonald, Jill P Pell, Naveed Sattar, Paul Welsh, Global BPgen Consortium, Patricia Munroe, Mark J Caulfield, Alberto Zanchetti, Anna F Dominiczak
Published 2010-10-01
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Variants associated with HHIP expression have sex-differential effects on lung function [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] by Katherine A. Fawcett, Ma'en Obeidat, Carl Melbourne, Nick Shrine, Anna L. Guyatt, Catherine John, Jian'an Luan, Anne Richmond, Marta R. Moksnes, Raquel Granell, Stefan Weiss, Medea Imboden, Sebastian May-Wilson, Pirro Hysi, Thibaud S. Boutin, Laura Portas, Claudia Flexeder, Sarah E. Harris, Carol A. Wang, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Teemu Palviainen, Rachel E. Foong, Dirk Keidel, Cosetta Minelli, Claudia Langenberg, Yohan Bossé, Maarten Van den Berge, Don D. Sin, Ke Hao, Archie Campbell, David Porteous, Sandosh Padmanabhan, Blair H. Smith, David M. Evans, Sue Ring, Arnulf Langhammer, Kristian Hveem, Cristen Willer, Ralf Ewert, Beate Stubbe, Nicola Pirastu, Lucija Klaric, Peter K. Joshi, Karina Patasova, Mangino Massimo, Ozren Polasek, John M. Starr, Stefan Karrasch, Konstantin Strauch, Thomas Meitinger, Igor Rudan, Taina Rantanen, Kirsi Pietiläinen, Mika Kähönen, Olli T. Raitakari, Graham L. Hall, Peter D. Sly, Craig E. Pennell, Jaakko Kaprio, Terho Lehtimäki, Veronique Vitart, Ian J. Deary, Debbie Jarvis, James F. Wilson, Tim Spector, Nicole Probst-Hensch, Nicholas J. Wareham, Henry Völzke, John Henderson, David P. Strachan, Ben M. Brumpton, Caroline Hayward, Ian P. Hall, Martin D. Tobin, Louise V. Wain
Published 2020-06-01
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Large-scale genome-wide association studies and meta-analyses of longitudinal change in adult lung function. by Wenbo Tang, Matthew Kowgier, Daan W Loth, María Soler Artigas, Bonnie R Joubert, Emily Hodge, Sina A Gharib, Albert V Smith, Ingo Ruczinski, Vilmundur Gudnason, Rasika A Mathias, Tamara B Harris, Nadia N Hansel, Lenore J Launer, Kathleen C Barnes, Joyanna G Hansen, Eva Albrecht, Melinda C Aldrich, Michael Allerhand, R Graham Barr, Guy G Brusselle, David J Couper, Ivan Curjuric, Gail Davies, Ian J Deary, Josée Dupuis, Tove Fall, Millennia Foy, Nora Franceschini, Wei Gao, Sven Gläser, Xiangjun Gu, Dana B Hancock, Joachim Heinrich, Albert Hofman, Medea Imboden, Erik Ingelsson, Alan James, Stefan Karrasch, Beate Koch, Stephen B Kritchevsky, Ashish Kumar, Lies Lahousse, Guo Li, Lars Lind, Cecilia Lindgren, Yongmei Liu, Kurt Lohman, Thomas Lumley, Wendy L McArdle, Bernd Meibohm, Andrew P Morris, Alanna C Morrison, Bill Musk, Kari E North, Lyle J Palmer, Nicole M Probst-Hensch, Bruce M Psaty, Fernando Rivadeneira, Jerome I Rotter, Holger Schulz, Lewis J Smith, Akshay Sood, John M Starr, David P Strachan, Alexander Teumer, André G Uitterlinden, Henry Völzke, Arend Voorman, Louise V Wain, Martin T Wells, Jemma B Wilk, O Dale Williams, Susan R Heckbert, Bruno H Stricker, Stephanie J London, Myriam Fornage, Martin D Tobin, George T O'Connor, Ian P Hall, Patricia A Cassano
Published 2014-01-01
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