Halyna Kuzmenko
Agafya "Halyna" Andriivna Kuzmenko (; 1897–1978) was a Ukrainian teacher and
anarchist revolutionary. After moving to southern Ukraine, she became a prominent figure within the ranks of the
Makhnovshchina, a mass movement to establish a
libertarian communist society. Kuzmenko spearheaded the movement's educational activities, promoted
Ukrainization and acted as an outspoken advocate of
women's rights. Along with her husband, the anarchist military leader
Nestor Makhno, in 1921 she fled into exile from the
political repression in
Ukraine. While imprisoned for subversive activities in
Poland, she gave birth to her daughter
Elena Mikhnenko, whom she brought with her to
Paris. Following the death of her husband, the outbreak of
World War II saw her deportation for
forced labour, first by the
Nazis and then by the
Soviets. After her release, she spent her final days with her daughter in
Kazakh SSR.
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