An Online, Modular Curriculum Enhances Surgical Education and Improves Learning Outcomes in East, Central, and Southern Africa: A Mixed-Methods Study by Andrea S. Parker, MD, FACS, FCS(ECSA), Bruce C. Steffes, MD, MBA, MA, FACS, FWACS, FCS(ECSA), FICS, Katherine Hill, MD, MS, Niraj Bachheta, MSc, Deirdre Mangaoang, MBA, Michael Mwachiro, MBChB, MPH, FCS(ECSA), Laura Torbeck, PhD, Russell E. White, MD, MPH, FACS, FCS(ECSA), Abebe Bekele, MD, FCS(ECSA), FACS, Robert K. Parker, MD, MPH, FACS, FCS(ECSA)

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Design of a Novel Online, Modular, Flipped-classroom Surgical Curriculum for East, Central, and Southern Africa by Andrea S. Parker, MD, FACS, FCS (ECSA), Katherine A. Hill, MD MS, Bruce C. Steffes, MD, MBA, MA, FACS, FWACS, FCS (ECSA), FICS, Deirdre Mangaoang, MBA, Eric O’Flynn, BS, Niraj Bachheta, MSc, Maria F. Bates, MD, FACS, Caesar Bitta, MD, MMed, Nicholas H. Carter, MD, Richard E. Davis, MD, FACS, FCS (ECSA), Jeremy A. Dressler, MD, Deborah A. Eisenhut, MD, FACS, FCS (ECSA), Akinniyi E. Fadipe, MBBS, MCS (ECSA), John K. Kanyi, MBChB, FCS (ECSA), Rondi M. Kauffmann, MD, MPH, FACS, Frances Kazal, Patrick Kyamanywa, MBChB, MMed, FCS (ECSA), Justus O. Lando, MBChB, FCS (ECSA), Heath R. Many, MD, FACS, FCS (ECSA), Valentine C. Mbithi, MBChB, FCS (ECSA), Amanda J. McCoy, MD, MPH, FCS (ECSA), Peter C. Meade, MD, MPH, FACS, Wairimu Y.B. Ndegwa, MD, FCS (ECSA), Emmy A. Nkusi, MBChB, MMed, FCS (ECSA), IFAANS, Philip B. Ooko, MBChB, FCS (ECSA), Dixon J.S. Osilli, MBChB, MMed, FCS (ECSA), Madison E.D. Parker, Sinkeet Rankeeti, MBChB, FCS (ECSA), Katherine Shafer, MD, FACS, James D. Smith, MD, FABO, FACS, David Snyder, MD, Kimutai R. Sylvester, MBChB, FCS (ECSA), Michelle E. Wakeley, MD, Marvin K. Wekesa, MBChB, FCS (ECSA), Laura Torbeck, PhD, Russell E. White, MD, MPH, FACS, FCS (ECSA), Abebe Bekele, MD, FCS (ECSA), FACS, Robert K. Parker, MD, MPH, FACS, FCS (ECSA)

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