Differences in preoperative frailty assessment of surgical candidates by sex, age, and race by Edouard H. Nicaise, MD, Gregory Palmateer, BA, Benjamin N. Schmeusser, MD, MS, Cameron Futral, BS, Yuan Liu, PhD, Subir Goyal, PhD, Reza Nabavizadeh, MD, David A. Kooby, MD, FACS, Shishir K. Maithel, MD, FACS, John F. Sweeney, MD, Juan M. Sarmiento, MD, FACS, Kenneth Ogan, MD, Viraj A. Master, MD, PhD, FACS

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