An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent
This study evaluates the effects of subcritical hydrothermal treatment on palm oil mill effluent (POME) and its concomitant formations of solid hydrochar, liquid product and gaseous product. The reactions were carried out at temperatures ranged 493 K–533 K for 2 h. The highest reduction of chemical...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
2019
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25551/1/An%20evaluation%20of%20subcritical%20hydrothermal%20treatment%20of%20end-of-pipe%20.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796993486668431360 |
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| author | Lee, Zhan Sheng Chin, S. Y. Cheng, C. K. |
| author_facet | Lee, Zhan Sheng Chin, S. Y. Cheng, C. K. |
| author_sort | Lee, Zhan Sheng |
| collection | UMP |
| description | This study evaluates the effects of subcritical hydrothermal treatment on palm oil mill effluent (POME) and its concomitant formations of solid hydrochar, liquid product and gaseous product. The reactions were carried out at temperatures ranged 493 K–533 K for 2 h. The highest reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were 58.8% and 62.5%, respectively, at 533 K. In addition, the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) achieved up to 99%, with the pH of POME reaching 6 from the initial pH 4. The gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis showed that the fresh POME contained n-Hexadecanoic acid as the dominant component, which gradually reduced in the liquid product in the reaction with increased temperature, in addition to the attenuation of carboxyl compounds and elevation of phenolic components. The gaseous products contained CO2, CO, H2, and C3 – C6 hydrocarbons. Traces of CH4 were only found at 533 K. CO2 is the dominant species, where the highest of 3.99 vol% per 500 mL working volume of POME recorded at 533 K. The solid hydrochars showed negligible morphological changes across the reaction temperature. The O/C atomic ratio of the hydrochar range from 0.157 to 0.379, while the H/C atomic ratio was in the range from 0.930 to 1.506. With the increase of treatment temperature, the higher heating value (HHV) of the hydrochar improved from 24.624 to 27.513 MJ kg-1. The characteristics of hydrochar make it a fuel source with immense potential. POME decomposed into water-soluble compounds, followed by deoxygenation (dehydration and decarboxylation) in producing hydrochar with lower oxygen content and higher aromatic compounds in the liquid product. Little gaseous hydrocarbons were produced due to subcritical hydrothermal gasification at low temperature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T12:34:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | UMPir25551 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T12:34:42Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | UMPir255512019-11-14T07:26:06Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25551/ An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent Lee, Zhan Sheng Chin, S. Y. Cheng, C. K. QC Physics TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TP Chemical technology This study evaluates the effects of subcritical hydrothermal treatment on palm oil mill effluent (POME) and its concomitant formations of solid hydrochar, liquid product and gaseous product. The reactions were carried out at temperatures ranged 493 K–533 K for 2 h. The highest reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were 58.8% and 62.5%, respectively, at 533 K. In addition, the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) achieved up to 99%, with the pH of POME reaching 6 from the initial pH 4. The gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis showed that the fresh POME contained n-Hexadecanoic acid as the dominant component, which gradually reduced in the liquid product in the reaction with increased temperature, in addition to the attenuation of carboxyl compounds and elevation of phenolic components. The gaseous products contained CO2, CO, H2, and C3 – C6 hydrocarbons. Traces of CH4 were only found at 533 K. CO2 is the dominant species, where the highest of 3.99 vol% per 500 mL working volume of POME recorded at 533 K. The solid hydrochars showed negligible morphological changes across the reaction temperature. The O/C atomic ratio of the hydrochar range from 0.157 to 0.379, while the H/C atomic ratio was in the range from 0.930 to 1.506. With the increase of treatment temperature, the higher heating value (HHV) of the hydrochar improved from 24.624 to 27.513 MJ kg-1. The characteristics of hydrochar make it a fuel source with immense potential. POME decomposed into water-soluble compounds, followed by deoxygenation (dehydration and decarboxylation) in producing hydrochar with lower oxygen content and higher aromatic compounds in the liquid product. Little gaseous hydrocarbons were produced due to subcritical hydrothermal gasification at low temperature. Elsevier Ltd 2019-06 Article NonPeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25551/1/An%20evaluation%20of%20subcritical%20hydrothermal%20treatment%20of%20end-of-pipe%20.pdf Lee, Zhan Sheng and Chin, S. Y. and Cheng, C. K. (2019) An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent. Heliyon, 5 (6). pp. 1-11. ISSN 2405-8440. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01792 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01792 |
| spellingShingle | QC Physics TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TP Chemical technology Lee, Zhan Sheng Chin, S. Y. Cheng, C. K. An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent |
| title | An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent |
| title_full | An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent |
| title_fullStr | An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent |
| title_full_unstemmed | An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent |
| title_short | An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent |
| title_sort | evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end of pipe palm oil mill effluent |
| topic | QC Physics TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25551/1/An%20evaluation%20of%20subcritical%20hydrothermal%20treatment%20of%20end-of-pipe%20.pdf |
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