Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds in ambient air in Malaysia
During the past decade, there has been a significant interest in emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from both industrial and mobile sources, due to their toxicity and harming the environment. It has been found that transportation sources are responsible for most of the amount ofVOCs emi...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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2002
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42708/1/EMAN%20NOORI%20ALIbaru.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825815929248808960 |
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| author | Eman Noori, Ali |
| author_facet | Eman Noori, Ali |
| author_sort | Eman Noori, Ali |
| collection | UMP |
| description | During the past decade, there has been a significant interest in emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from both industrial and mobile sources, due to their
toxicity and harming the environment. It has been found that transportation sources are responsible for most of the amount ofVOCs emissions, especially in urban areas.
Tue sampling took place in three sites in Kuala Lumpur; these are Kotaraya, Puduraya, and Kelang bus station. Kuala Lumpur has been chosen to be the area of interest based on other study, which showed that Kotaraya area have the highest level of volatile organic compound emission in Kelang Valley. The sampling was carried out by using the sorbent tube method. Three kinds of adsorbents has been used to adsorb the volatile organic compounds, these are Carbotrap, Carboxen, and coconut shell activated carbon. Activated carbon is produced locally in Malaysia with different particle size. Tue tubes were filled with the adsorbent and connected to the air sampler for a period of two to three hours. After sampling, the tubes were disconnected from the air sampler and brought to the laboratory. The adsorbent was dissolved in carbon disulfide to extract the compounds adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent material. 1 μL of the extract was injected to a gas chromatography/mass spectrometer instrument (GC/MS, Shimadzu 5050A, Japan). Tue identification of the compounds was done by a mass spectrometer detector, using electron ionization method, under different temperature programming. Tue best results were obtained by heating the oven at 40°C for 8 minutes; then 40°C to 100°C at 7°C/min; then 100°C to 240°C at 12°C/min. The activated carbon adsorbent showed good ability to adsorb a wide range of volatile organic compounds found in ambient air, comparing with Carbotrap and Carboxen. Tue results exhibit that the main air pollutants in these three sampling points in the city of Kuala Lumpur are fuel components mainly gasoline and diesel. Tue compounds recorded in this research are: 2-methylhexane, 2,3-dimethylpentane, 3-methylhexane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, benzene, n-heptane, 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, 3-methylheptane, ethylbenzene, toluene, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-nonane, o-xylene, npropylbenzene, o-ethyltoluene, n-octane, m-ethyltoluene,1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, ndecane, isopropylbenzene, dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4- trimethylbenzene. Some of the compounds found are toxic, such as benzene, toluene, xylenes, and dichlorobenze. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-09T02:30:33Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | UMPir42708 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-09T02:30:33Z |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | UMPir427082024-10-01T06:39:00Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42708/ Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds in ambient air in Malaysia Eman Noori, Ali TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) During the past decade, there has been a significant interest in emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from both industrial and mobile sources, due to their toxicity and harming the environment. It has been found that transportation sources are responsible for most of the amount ofVOCs emissions, especially in urban areas. Tue sampling took place in three sites in Kuala Lumpur; these are Kotaraya, Puduraya, and Kelang bus station. Kuala Lumpur has been chosen to be the area of interest based on other study, which showed that Kotaraya area have the highest level of volatile organic compound emission in Kelang Valley. The sampling was carried out by using the sorbent tube method. Three kinds of adsorbents has been used to adsorb the volatile organic compounds, these are Carbotrap, Carboxen, and coconut shell activated carbon. Activated carbon is produced locally in Malaysia with different particle size. Tue tubes were filled with the adsorbent and connected to the air sampler for a period of two to three hours. After sampling, the tubes were disconnected from the air sampler and brought to the laboratory. The adsorbent was dissolved in carbon disulfide to extract the compounds adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent material. 1 μL of the extract was injected to a gas chromatography/mass spectrometer instrument (GC/MS, Shimadzu 5050A, Japan). Tue identification of the compounds was done by a mass spectrometer detector, using electron ionization method, under different temperature programming. Tue best results were obtained by heating the oven at 40°C for 8 minutes; then 40°C to 100°C at 7°C/min; then 100°C to 240°C at 12°C/min. The activated carbon adsorbent showed good ability to adsorb a wide range of volatile organic compounds found in ambient air, comparing with Carbotrap and Carboxen. Tue results exhibit that the main air pollutants in these three sampling points in the city of Kuala Lumpur are fuel components mainly gasoline and diesel. Tue compounds recorded in this research are: 2-methylhexane, 2,3-dimethylpentane, 3-methylhexane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, benzene, n-heptane, 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, 3-methylheptane, ethylbenzene, toluene, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-nonane, o-xylene, npropylbenzene, o-ethyltoluene, n-octane, m-ethyltoluene,1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, ndecane, isopropylbenzene, dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4- trimethylbenzene. Some of the compounds found are toxic, such as benzene, toluene, xylenes, and dichlorobenze. 2002-01 Thesis NonPeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42708/1/EMAN%20NOORI%20ALIbaru.pdf Eman Noori, Ali (2002) Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds in ambient air in Malaysia. Masters thesis, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Contributors, Thesis advisor: Abdul Amir Hassan, Kadhum). |
| spellingShingle | TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Eman Noori, Ali Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds in ambient air in Malaysia |
| title | Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds in ambient air in Malaysia |
| title_full | Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds in ambient air in Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds in ambient air in Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds in ambient air in Malaysia |
| title_short | Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds in ambient air in Malaysia |
| title_sort | sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds in ambient air in malaysia |
| topic | TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42708/1/EMAN%20NOORI%20ALIbaru.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT emannooriali samplingandanalysisofvolatileorganiccompoundsinambientairinmalaysia |