From NAFLD to MAFLD: Definition, Pathophysiological Basis and Cardiovascular Implications
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as a chronic liver disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver without another obvious cause (no excessive alcohol consumption, hepatotoxic medications, toxins, viral infections, genetic hepatic diseases), therefore it is an e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/3/883 |
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| author | Andrea Boccatonda Lorenzo Andreetto Damiano D’Ardes Giulio Cocco Ilaria Rossi Susanna Vicari Cosima Schiavone Francesco Cipollone Maria Teresa Guagnano |
| author_facet | Andrea Boccatonda Lorenzo Andreetto Damiano D’Ardes Giulio Cocco Ilaria Rossi Susanna Vicari Cosima Schiavone Francesco Cipollone Maria Teresa Guagnano |
| author_sort | Andrea Boccatonda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as a chronic liver disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver without another obvious cause (no excessive alcohol consumption, hepatotoxic medications, toxins, viral infections, genetic hepatic diseases), therefore it is an exclusion diagnosis. The term NAFLD literally refers to non-alcohol related hepatopathy and does not adequately correlate with metabolic dysfunction and related cardiovascular risks. Therefore, researchers and scientific societies have moved towards changing the terminology. The novel nomenclature for a metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed in 2020 by a group of experts to overcome the issues related to the old terminology. The diagnosis of MAFLD is based on the presence of hepatic steatosis and at least one between these three conditions: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity or metabolic dysregulation. MAFLD has been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. It is better related to the main risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases than NAFLD, such as dyslipidemia, T2DM and hypertension. The aim of this review is to highlight the reasons why the term NAFLD is moving to the term MAFLD, what are the conceptual basis of this choice and its clinical implications, particularly in the cardiovascular field. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:53:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-000e1e571f5d48dfad6f4e078d741c8b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:53:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-000e1e571f5d48dfad6f4e078d741c8b2023-11-17T09:47:00ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-03-0111388310.3390/biomedicines11030883From NAFLD to MAFLD: Definition, Pathophysiological Basis and Cardiovascular ImplicationsAndrea Boccatonda0Lorenzo Andreetto1Damiano D’Ardes2Giulio Cocco3Ilaria Rossi4Susanna Vicari5Cosima Schiavone6Francesco Cipollone7Maria Teresa Guagnano8Internal Medicine, Bentivoglio Hospital, AUSL Bologna, 40010 Bentivoglio (BO), ItalyInternal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Aging Science, “Clinica Medica” Institute, ‘SS Annunziata’ Hospital, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, ItalyInternistic Ultrasound Unit, SS Annunziata Hospital, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Aging Science, “Clinica Medica” Institute, ‘SS Annunziata’ Hospital, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, ItalyInternal Medicine, Bentivoglio Hospital, AUSL Bologna, 40010 Bentivoglio (BO), ItalyInternistic Ultrasound Unit, SS Annunziata Hospital, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Aging Science, “Clinica Medica” Institute, ‘SS Annunziata’ Hospital, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Aging Science, “Clinica Medica” Institute, ‘SS Annunziata’ Hospital, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, ItalyNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as a chronic liver disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver without another obvious cause (no excessive alcohol consumption, hepatotoxic medications, toxins, viral infections, genetic hepatic diseases), therefore it is an exclusion diagnosis. The term NAFLD literally refers to non-alcohol related hepatopathy and does not adequately correlate with metabolic dysfunction and related cardiovascular risks. Therefore, researchers and scientific societies have moved towards changing the terminology. The novel nomenclature for a metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed in 2020 by a group of experts to overcome the issues related to the old terminology. The diagnosis of MAFLD is based on the presence of hepatic steatosis and at least one between these three conditions: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity or metabolic dysregulation. MAFLD has been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. It is better related to the main risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases than NAFLD, such as dyslipidemia, T2DM and hypertension. The aim of this review is to highlight the reasons why the term NAFLD is moving to the term MAFLD, what are the conceptual basis of this choice and its clinical implications, particularly in the cardiovascular field.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/3/883MAFLDNAFLDcardiovasculardiabetesNASH |
| spellingShingle | Andrea Boccatonda Lorenzo Andreetto Damiano D’Ardes Giulio Cocco Ilaria Rossi Susanna Vicari Cosima Schiavone Francesco Cipollone Maria Teresa Guagnano From NAFLD to MAFLD: Definition, Pathophysiological Basis and Cardiovascular Implications Biomedicines MAFLD NAFLD cardiovascular diabetes NASH |
| title | From NAFLD to MAFLD: Definition, Pathophysiological Basis and Cardiovascular Implications |
| title_full | From NAFLD to MAFLD: Definition, Pathophysiological Basis and Cardiovascular Implications |
| title_fullStr | From NAFLD to MAFLD: Definition, Pathophysiological Basis and Cardiovascular Implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | From NAFLD to MAFLD: Definition, Pathophysiological Basis and Cardiovascular Implications |
| title_short | From NAFLD to MAFLD: Definition, Pathophysiological Basis and Cardiovascular Implications |
| title_sort | from nafld to mafld definition pathophysiological basis and cardiovascular implications |
| topic | MAFLD NAFLD cardiovascular diabetes NASH |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/3/883 |
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