Geochemical balance of the mineral fraction and statistical analyzes of the Ebolowa municipal lake’s sediments (central Africa): Implication for early diagenesis process
The Ebolowa Municipal Lake (EML) (South Cameroon) in order to identify the early diagenesis processes taking place in the lake and the factors influencing them. To this end, 21 samples were collected. In situ, hydrogen potential, redox potential, conductivity, dissolved oxygen content, and turbidity...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023048259 |
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| author | Akono Daniel Florent Bokanda Ekoko Eric Bisse Salomon Bertrant Belinga Belinga Cedric Menanga Tokouet Renaud Tonye Marie-Diane Nzesseu Nandjou Valentino Biani Nya Estelle Diane Kouakam Cedric Ngono Anaba Leon Vital Mouhamed Amin Nsangou Ekomane Emile |
| author_facet | Akono Daniel Florent Bokanda Ekoko Eric Bisse Salomon Bertrant Belinga Belinga Cedric Menanga Tokouet Renaud Tonye Marie-Diane Nzesseu Nandjou Valentino Biani Nya Estelle Diane Kouakam Cedric Ngono Anaba Leon Vital Mouhamed Amin Nsangou Ekomane Emile |
| author_sort | Akono Daniel Florent |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Ebolowa Municipal Lake (EML) (South Cameroon) in order to identify the early diagenesis processes taking place in the lake and the factors influencing them. To this end, 21 samples were collected. In situ, hydrogen potential, redox potential, conductivity, dissolved oxygen content, and turbidity were measured. In the laboratory, the samples were subjected to mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction, geochemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence and ICP-MS, and statistical analysis. The coefficient of variation (Qi) was calculated from the geochemical data. In the water column, OD > 2 mg/L, pH > 7 and Eh < 0 mV. In sediments: pH < 7, Eh values are lower. The contents of 2.08 ≤ TOC ≤ 12.65%. The mineralogical procession consists of quartz, kaolinite, gibbsite, goethite, and siderite. The latter is only present in the EML. The sediments are dominated by SiO2 (60.44–89.47%), Al2O3 (6.55–18.17%), and Fe2O3 (1.15–6.21%). The Qi values range from 0.73 to 2.31. The Mn/Fe ratio values are below 0.40. Qi > 1 for Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, K, Na, P, Ni, Co, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ba, and V, and Qi < 1 for Si; Qi = 1 for Ca. The hierarchical cluster analysis shows two groups: the first one includes the samples from the central and western parts, while the second one includes those from the eastern and southern parts of the lake. The water column is subject to oxic conditions, while the sediments are anoxic. The rapid consumption of oxygen is due to organic mineralization, which is the main diagenesis observed in the lake. This phenomenon is more accentuated in the western part of the lake. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T21:38:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-00138e5bba6143ca9236b1e3a7a031eb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T21:38:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-00138e5bba6143ca9236b1e3a7a031eb2023-07-27T05:56:50ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-07-0197e17617Geochemical balance of the mineral fraction and statistical analyzes of the Ebolowa municipal lake’s sediments (central Africa): Implication for early diagenesis processAkono Daniel Florent0Bokanda Ekoko Eric1Bisse Salomon Bertrant2Belinga Belinga Cedric3Menanga Tokouet Renaud4Tonye Marie-Diane5Nzesseu Nandjou Valentino6Biani Nya Estelle Diane7Kouakam Cedric8Ngono Anaba Leon Vital9Mouhamed Amin Nsangou10Ekomane Emile11Department of Earth Sciences, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon; Corresponding author.Department of Geology, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, CameroonSchool of Geology and Mining Engineering, PO Box 115, Meiganga, CameroonDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, CameroonDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, CameroonDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, CameroonDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, CameroonDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, CameroonDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, CameroonDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, CameroonDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, CameroonDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, CameroonThe Ebolowa Municipal Lake (EML) (South Cameroon) in order to identify the early diagenesis processes taking place in the lake and the factors influencing them. To this end, 21 samples were collected. In situ, hydrogen potential, redox potential, conductivity, dissolved oxygen content, and turbidity were measured. In the laboratory, the samples were subjected to mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction, geochemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence and ICP-MS, and statistical analysis. The coefficient of variation (Qi) was calculated from the geochemical data. In the water column, OD > 2 mg/L, pH > 7 and Eh < 0 mV. In sediments: pH < 7, Eh values are lower. The contents of 2.08 ≤ TOC ≤ 12.65%. The mineralogical procession consists of quartz, kaolinite, gibbsite, goethite, and siderite. The latter is only present in the EML. The sediments are dominated by SiO2 (60.44–89.47%), Al2O3 (6.55–18.17%), and Fe2O3 (1.15–6.21%). The Qi values range from 0.73 to 2.31. The Mn/Fe ratio values are below 0.40. Qi > 1 for Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, K, Na, P, Ni, Co, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ba, and V, and Qi < 1 for Si; Qi = 1 for Ca. The hierarchical cluster analysis shows two groups: the first one includes the samples from the central and western parts, while the second one includes those from the eastern and southern parts of the lake. The water column is subject to oxic conditions, while the sediments are anoxic. The rapid consumption of oxygen is due to organic mineralization, which is the main diagenesis observed in the lake. This phenomenon is more accentuated in the western part of the lake.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023048259Geochemical balanceEarly-diagenesisLakeEbolowa |
| spellingShingle | Akono Daniel Florent Bokanda Ekoko Eric Bisse Salomon Bertrant Belinga Belinga Cedric Menanga Tokouet Renaud Tonye Marie-Diane Nzesseu Nandjou Valentino Biani Nya Estelle Diane Kouakam Cedric Ngono Anaba Leon Vital Mouhamed Amin Nsangou Ekomane Emile Geochemical balance of the mineral fraction and statistical analyzes of the Ebolowa municipal lake’s sediments (central Africa): Implication for early diagenesis process Heliyon Geochemical balance Early-diagenesis Lake Ebolowa |
| title | Geochemical balance of the mineral fraction and statistical analyzes of the Ebolowa municipal lake’s sediments (central Africa): Implication for early diagenesis process |
| title_full | Geochemical balance of the mineral fraction and statistical analyzes of the Ebolowa municipal lake’s sediments (central Africa): Implication for early diagenesis process |
| title_fullStr | Geochemical balance of the mineral fraction and statistical analyzes of the Ebolowa municipal lake’s sediments (central Africa): Implication for early diagenesis process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geochemical balance of the mineral fraction and statistical analyzes of the Ebolowa municipal lake’s sediments (central Africa): Implication for early diagenesis process |
| title_short | Geochemical balance of the mineral fraction and statistical analyzes of the Ebolowa municipal lake’s sediments (central Africa): Implication for early diagenesis process |
| title_sort | geochemical balance of the mineral fraction and statistical analyzes of the ebolowa municipal lake s sediments central africa implication for early diagenesis process |
| topic | Geochemical balance Early-diagenesis Lake Ebolowa |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023048259 |
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