Diuresis and α-glucosidase inhibition by erythritol in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and viability for efficacy against mosquitoes
Abstract Background Sugar alcohols, such as erythritol, are low-impact candidates for attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) to kill mosquitoes. To determine whether erythritol has a viable future in ATSB formulations, a suite of assays was conducted to diagnose toxicity mechanisms and starvation effec...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06169-w |
| _version_ | 1827328417268236288 |
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| author | Irvane E. Nelson Kobi A. Baker Ary Faraji Gregory S. White Christopher S. Bibbs |
| author_facet | Irvane E. Nelson Kobi A. Baker Ary Faraji Gregory S. White Christopher S. Bibbs |
| author_sort | Irvane E. Nelson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Sugar alcohols, such as erythritol, are low-impact candidates for attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) to kill mosquitoes. To determine whether erythritol has a viable future in ATSB formulations, a suite of assays was conducted to diagnose toxicity mechanisms and starvation effects on mortality in Aedes aegypti (L.) as a model system. Methods We measured general carbohydrate load, glucosidase levels, and free glucose in intoxicated adult mosquitoes to observe whether sugar digestion was impaired. We assayed the effects of sugar combinations with erythritol on larvae and adults. To measure erythritol effects when mosquitoes were not resource-deprived, additional assays manipulated the prior starvation status. Results Up to 50,000 ppm of erythritol in water had no effect on larvae within 72 h, but an ammonia spike indicated diuresis in larvae as early as 4 h (F 8,44 = 22.50, P < 0.0001) after sucrose/erythritol combinations were added. Adult consumption of erythritol was diuretic regardless of the sugar pairing, while sucrose and erythritol together generated above 80% mortality (F 2,273 = 33.30, P < 0.0001) alongside triple the normal excretion (F 5,78 = 26.80, P < 0.0004). Glucose and fructose paired individually with erythritol had less mortality, but still double the fecal excretion. When ingesting erythritol-laced meals, less sugar was detected in mosquitoes as compared to after sucrose meals (χ 2 = 12.54, df = 1, P = 0.0004). Conclusions Data showed that erythritol is a linear competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase, marking it as a novel class of insecticide in the current research climate. However, the efficacy on larvae was null and not persistent in adult mosquitoes when compared across various starvation levels. Despite significant diuresis, the combined effects from erythritol are not acute enough for vector control programs considering ATSB against mosquitoes. Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:16:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0015de6810834075a3718ed530243edb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:16:39Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-0015de6810834075a3718ed530243edb2024-03-05T17:50:54ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052024-02-0117111010.1186/s13071-024-06169-wDiuresis and α-glucosidase inhibition by erythritol in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and viability for efficacy against mosquitoesIrvane E. Nelson0Kobi A. Baker1Ary Faraji2Gregory S. White3Christopher S. Bibbs4Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement DistrictSalt Lake City Mosquito Abatement DistrictSalt Lake City Mosquito Abatement DistrictSalt Lake City Mosquito Abatement DistrictSalt Lake City Mosquito Abatement DistrictAbstract Background Sugar alcohols, such as erythritol, are low-impact candidates for attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) to kill mosquitoes. To determine whether erythritol has a viable future in ATSB formulations, a suite of assays was conducted to diagnose toxicity mechanisms and starvation effects on mortality in Aedes aegypti (L.) as a model system. Methods We measured general carbohydrate load, glucosidase levels, and free glucose in intoxicated adult mosquitoes to observe whether sugar digestion was impaired. We assayed the effects of sugar combinations with erythritol on larvae and adults. To measure erythritol effects when mosquitoes were not resource-deprived, additional assays manipulated the prior starvation status. Results Up to 50,000 ppm of erythritol in water had no effect on larvae within 72 h, but an ammonia spike indicated diuresis in larvae as early as 4 h (F 8,44 = 22.50, P < 0.0001) after sucrose/erythritol combinations were added. Adult consumption of erythritol was diuretic regardless of the sugar pairing, while sucrose and erythritol together generated above 80% mortality (F 2,273 = 33.30, P < 0.0001) alongside triple the normal excretion (F 5,78 = 26.80, P < 0.0004). Glucose and fructose paired individually with erythritol had less mortality, but still double the fecal excretion. When ingesting erythritol-laced meals, less sugar was detected in mosquitoes as compared to after sucrose meals (χ 2 = 12.54, df = 1, P = 0.0004). Conclusions Data showed that erythritol is a linear competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase, marking it as a novel class of insecticide in the current research climate. However, the efficacy on larvae was null and not persistent in adult mosquitoes when compared across various starvation levels. Despite significant diuresis, the combined effects from erythritol are not acute enough for vector control programs considering ATSB against mosquitoes. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06169-wStarvationSugar alcoholExcretionToxicitySugar meals |
| spellingShingle | Irvane E. Nelson Kobi A. Baker Ary Faraji Gregory S. White Christopher S. Bibbs Diuresis and α-glucosidase inhibition by erythritol in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and viability for efficacy against mosquitoes Parasites & Vectors Starvation Sugar alcohol Excretion Toxicity Sugar meals |
| title | Diuresis and α-glucosidase inhibition by erythritol in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and viability for efficacy against mosquitoes |
| title_full | Diuresis and α-glucosidase inhibition by erythritol in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and viability for efficacy against mosquitoes |
| title_fullStr | Diuresis and α-glucosidase inhibition by erythritol in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and viability for efficacy against mosquitoes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diuresis and α-glucosidase inhibition by erythritol in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and viability for efficacy against mosquitoes |
| title_short | Diuresis and α-glucosidase inhibition by erythritol in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and viability for efficacy against mosquitoes |
| title_sort | diuresis and α glucosidase inhibition by erythritol in aedes aegypti diptera culicidae and viability for efficacy against mosquitoes |
| topic | Starvation Sugar alcohol Excretion Toxicity Sugar meals |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06169-w |
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