Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery
The dynamics of the carbon cycle across different timescales is crucial for understanding past and present global climate changes. Following the Permian–Triassic boundary mass extinction (PTBME), the carbon cycle changed profoundly during the following 5.4 Myr, with magnitudes of changes comparable...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2020.00196/full |
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| author | Philipp Widmann Hugo Bucher Marc Leu Marc Leu Torsten Vennemann Borhan Bagherpour Borhan Bagherpour Elke Schneebeli-Hermann Nicolas Goudemand Urs Schaltegger |
| author_facet | Philipp Widmann Hugo Bucher Marc Leu Marc Leu Torsten Vennemann Borhan Bagherpour Borhan Bagherpour Elke Schneebeli-Hermann Nicolas Goudemand Urs Schaltegger |
| author_sort | Philipp Widmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The dynamics of the carbon cycle across different timescales is crucial for understanding past and present global climate changes. Following the Permian–Triassic boundary mass extinction (PTBME), the carbon cycle changed profoundly during the following 5.4 Myr, with magnitudes of changes comparable to those of the Precambrian. In pace with the successive cycles of the carbon budget, the recovery of the marine nekton underwent several evolutionary diversification and extinction cycles accompanied by eustatic sea-level changes and profound ecological reorganization of land plants, all indicative of climatic changes. Additional eruptive bursts of the Siberian Large Igneous Province (SLIP) are traditionally called upon as a plausible trigger for these climatic oscillations but firm evidence for coeval SLIP volcanism is still lacking. Based on new precise and accurate U-Pb zircon ages, we establish a high-resolution temporal calibration of the biggest positive carbon isotope excursion (CIE) spanning about 600 kyr in the late Smithian. The age of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (SSB) is established between 249.29 ± 0.06 and 249.11 ± 0.09 Ma. Our oldest U-Pb zircon ages indicate no overlap in time between the middle Smithian onset of the thermal maximum and the youngest available U-Pb zircon ages from SLIP volcanism. The constructed time line also indicates a duration of the global unconformity at the SSB that is compatible with glacio-eustatism. Potential cooling mechanisms such as a volcanic winter, the biological pump and the cessation of volcanism are discussed in the light of this new time line. In the low latitudes, the onset of the positive CIE remarkably predates the temperature drop by some 100 to 125 kyr. However, as long as the magnitude of such offset – if any – is unknown for the high latitudes, relations between the CIE and the cooling will remain an open question associated with largest Triassic extinction of the nekton. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T03:45:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0023debe914848918388f9389424913c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-6463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T03:45:46Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-0023debe914848918388f9389424913c2022-12-21T23:18:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632020-06-01810.3389/feart.2020.00196536916Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic RecoveryPhilipp Widmann0Hugo Bucher1Marc Leu2Marc Leu3Torsten Vennemann4Borhan Bagherpour5Borhan Bagherpour6Elke Schneebeli-Hermann7Nicolas Goudemand8Urs Schaltegger9Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, SwitzerlandPaleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandPaleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitut de Génomique Fonctionelle, University of Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, FranceFaculty of Geosciences and Environmental Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandPaleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandFaculty of Science, Earth Science Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranPaleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitut de Génomique Fonctionelle, University of Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, FranceDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, SwitzerlandThe dynamics of the carbon cycle across different timescales is crucial for understanding past and present global climate changes. Following the Permian–Triassic boundary mass extinction (PTBME), the carbon cycle changed profoundly during the following 5.4 Myr, with magnitudes of changes comparable to those of the Precambrian. In pace with the successive cycles of the carbon budget, the recovery of the marine nekton underwent several evolutionary diversification and extinction cycles accompanied by eustatic sea-level changes and profound ecological reorganization of land plants, all indicative of climatic changes. Additional eruptive bursts of the Siberian Large Igneous Province (SLIP) are traditionally called upon as a plausible trigger for these climatic oscillations but firm evidence for coeval SLIP volcanism is still lacking. Based on new precise and accurate U-Pb zircon ages, we establish a high-resolution temporal calibration of the biggest positive carbon isotope excursion (CIE) spanning about 600 kyr in the late Smithian. The age of the Smithian-Spathian boundary (SSB) is established between 249.29 ± 0.06 and 249.11 ± 0.09 Ma. Our oldest U-Pb zircon ages indicate no overlap in time between the middle Smithian onset of the thermal maximum and the youngest available U-Pb zircon ages from SLIP volcanism. The constructed time line also indicates a duration of the global unconformity at the SSB that is compatible with glacio-eustatism. Potential cooling mechanisms such as a volcanic winter, the biological pump and the cessation of volcanism are discussed in the light of this new time line. In the low latitudes, the onset of the positive CIE remarkably predates the temperature drop by some 100 to 125 kyr. However, as long as the magnitude of such offset – if any – is unknown for the high latitudes, relations between the CIE and the cooling will remain an open question associated with largest Triassic extinction of the nekton.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2020.00196/fullEarly TriassicSmithian-Spathian boundaryU-Pb geochronologycarbon cyclecarbon isotopesbiochronology |
| spellingShingle | Philipp Widmann Hugo Bucher Marc Leu Marc Leu Torsten Vennemann Borhan Bagherpour Borhan Bagherpour Elke Schneebeli-Hermann Nicolas Goudemand Urs Schaltegger Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery Frontiers in Earth Science Early Triassic Smithian-Spathian boundary U-Pb geochronology carbon cycle carbon isotopes biochronology |
| title | Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery |
| title_full | Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery |
| title_fullStr | Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery |
| title_short | Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery |
| title_sort | dynamics of the largest carbon isotope excursion during the early triassic biotic recovery |
| topic | Early Triassic Smithian-Spathian boundary U-Pb geochronology carbon cycle carbon isotopes biochronology |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2020.00196/full |
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