Contribution of Spring Snowmelt Water to Soil Water in Northeast China and Its Dynamic Changes
Snowmelt water in spring is an important source of soil water, which is critical to supporting crop growth. Quantifying the contribution of snowmelt water to soil water and its dynamic changes is essential for evaluating soil moisture and allocating agricultural water resources. In this paper, throu...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/9/1368 |
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| author | Wenshuai Zhang Chen Du Lijuan Zhang Yulong Tan Yutao Huang Meiyi Jiang |
| author_facet | Wenshuai Zhang Chen Du Lijuan Zhang Yulong Tan Yutao Huang Meiyi Jiang |
| author_sort | Wenshuai Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Snowmelt water in spring is an important source of soil water, which is critical to supporting crop growth. Quantifying the contribution of snowmelt water to soil water and its dynamic changes is essential for evaluating soil moisture and allocating agricultural water resources. In this paper, through controlled outdoor experiments, different snow depths and soil depth gradients were set; and snow, precipitation, and soil samples were collected regularly. To analyze the contribution of snowmelt water to soil water and its dynamic changes, the MAT-253 stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer was adopted for hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses. The results showed that the snowmelt water for snow depths of 10 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm all contributed to the 0–30 cm soil layer. The contribution increased with soil depth, contributing 8.13%, 8.55%, and 11.24%, respectively. The contribution of the snow cover at the same depth to the soil moisture at different depths also varied, i.e., the contribution increased with increasing soil depth. The snowmelt water retention time at depths of 10 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm was inconsistent, i.e., it was the longest at 0–10 cm (average of 69 days), followed by 20–30 cm (average of 59 days), and the shortest at 10–20 cm (average of 54 days). The greater the snow depth, the shorter the retention time of the snowmelt water in the different soil layers. For surface soil, the contribution of the snowmelt water at greater depths was significantly different; while for deep soil, the contribution was more sensitive to the snow depth. Regardless of snow depth, soil contributions at different depths were significantly different. Precipitation also affected the contribution of the snowmelt water to the soil water, exhibiting different effects at different depths. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:33:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-002d911d578742bebe8d3dd7cac3ed62 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:33:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-002d911d578742bebe8d3dd7cac3ed622023-11-23T09:34:44ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-04-01149136810.3390/w14091368Contribution of Spring Snowmelt Water to Soil Water in Northeast China and Its Dynamic ChangesWenshuai Zhang0Chen Du1Lijuan Zhang2Yulong Tan3Yutao Huang4Meiyi Jiang5Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, ChinaHeilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, ChinaHeilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, ChinaHeilongjiang Province Hulin Meteorological Bureau, Hulin 154300, ChinaHeilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, ChinaHeilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, ChinaSnowmelt water in spring is an important source of soil water, which is critical to supporting crop growth. Quantifying the contribution of snowmelt water to soil water and its dynamic changes is essential for evaluating soil moisture and allocating agricultural water resources. In this paper, through controlled outdoor experiments, different snow depths and soil depth gradients were set; and snow, precipitation, and soil samples were collected regularly. To analyze the contribution of snowmelt water to soil water and its dynamic changes, the MAT-253 stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer was adopted for hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses. The results showed that the snowmelt water for snow depths of 10 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm all contributed to the 0–30 cm soil layer. The contribution increased with soil depth, contributing 8.13%, 8.55%, and 11.24%, respectively. The contribution of the snow cover at the same depth to the soil moisture at different depths also varied, i.e., the contribution increased with increasing soil depth. The snowmelt water retention time at depths of 10 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm was inconsistent, i.e., it was the longest at 0–10 cm (average of 69 days), followed by 20–30 cm (average of 59 days), and the shortest at 10–20 cm (average of 54 days). The greater the snow depth, the shorter the retention time of the snowmelt water in the different soil layers. For surface soil, the contribution of the snowmelt water at greater depths was significantly different; while for deep soil, the contribution was more sensitive to the snow depth. Regardless of snow depth, soil contributions at different depths were significantly different. Precipitation also affected the contribution of the snowmelt water to the soil water, exhibiting different effects at different depths.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/9/1368hydrogen and oxygen isotopessnowmelt watersoil watercontribution |
| spellingShingle | Wenshuai Zhang Chen Du Lijuan Zhang Yulong Tan Yutao Huang Meiyi Jiang Contribution of Spring Snowmelt Water to Soil Water in Northeast China and Its Dynamic Changes Water hydrogen and oxygen isotopes snowmelt water soil water contribution |
| title | Contribution of Spring Snowmelt Water to Soil Water in Northeast China and Its Dynamic Changes |
| title_full | Contribution of Spring Snowmelt Water to Soil Water in Northeast China and Its Dynamic Changes |
| title_fullStr | Contribution of Spring Snowmelt Water to Soil Water in Northeast China and Its Dynamic Changes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contribution of Spring Snowmelt Water to Soil Water in Northeast China and Its Dynamic Changes |
| title_short | Contribution of Spring Snowmelt Water to Soil Water in Northeast China and Its Dynamic Changes |
| title_sort | contribution of spring snowmelt water to soil water in northeast china and its dynamic changes |
| topic | hydrogen and oxygen isotopes snowmelt water soil water contribution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/9/1368 |
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