The Effect of Mechanical Stress on Hyaluronan Fragments’ Inflammatory Cascade: Clinical Implications
It is a common experience, reported by patients who have undergone manual therapy that uses deep friction, to perceive soreness in treatment areas; however, it is still not clear what causes it and if it is therapeutically useful or a simple side effect. The purpose of this narrative review is to de...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/12/2277 |
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| author | Antonio Stecco Lorenza Bonaldi Chiara Giulia Fontanella Carla Stecco Carmelo Pirri |
| author_facet | Antonio Stecco Lorenza Bonaldi Chiara Giulia Fontanella Carla Stecco Carmelo Pirri |
| author_sort | Antonio Stecco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | It is a common experience, reported by patients who have undergone manual therapy that uses deep friction, to perceive soreness in treatment areas; however, it is still not clear what causes it and if it is therapeutically useful or a simple side effect. The purpose of this narrative review is to determine whether manual and physical therapies can catalyze an inflammatory process driven by HA fragments. The literature supports the hypothesis that mechanical stress can depolymerize into small pieces at low molecular weight and have a high inflammatory capacity. Many of these pieces are then further degraded into small oligosaccharides. Recently, it has been demonstrated that oligosaccharides are able to stop this inflammatory process. These data support the hypothesis that manual therapy that uses deep friction could metabolize self-aggregated HA chains responsible for increasing loose connective tissue viscosity, catalyzing a local HA fragment cascade that will generate soreness but, at the same time, facilitate the reconstitution of the physiological loose connective tissue properties. This information can help to explain the meaning of the inflammatory process as well as the requirement for it for the long-lasting resolution of these alterations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:35:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0039452ed6834a48865bf0f2c59b01d9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:35:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-0039452ed6834a48865bf0f2c59b01d92023-12-22T14:21:10ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292023-11-011312227710.3390/life13122277The Effect of Mechanical Stress on Hyaluronan Fragments’ Inflammatory Cascade: Clinical ImplicationsAntonio Stecco0Lorenza Bonaldi1Chiara Giulia Fontanella2Carla Stecco3Carmelo Pirri4Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USADepartment of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, ItalyIt is a common experience, reported by patients who have undergone manual therapy that uses deep friction, to perceive soreness in treatment areas; however, it is still not clear what causes it and if it is therapeutically useful or a simple side effect. The purpose of this narrative review is to determine whether manual and physical therapies can catalyze an inflammatory process driven by HA fragments. The literature supports the hypothesis that mechanical stress can depolymerize into small pieces at low molecular weight and have a high inflammatory capacity. Many of these pieces are then further degraded into small oligosaccharides. Recently, it has been demonstrated that oligosaccharides are able to stop this inflammatory process. These data support the hypothesis that manual therapy that uses deep friction could metabolize self-aggregated HA chains responsible for increasing loose connective tissue viscosity, catalyzing a local HA fragment cascade that will generate soreness but, at the same time, facilitate the reconstitution of the physiological loose connective tissue properties. This information can help to explain the meaning of the inflammatory process as well as the requirement for it for the long-lasting resolution of these alterations.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/12/2277mechanical stresshyaluronanhyaluronan fragmentinflammatory reactionsorenessdensification |
| spellingShingle | Antonio Stecco Lorenza Bonaldi Chiara Giulia Fontanella Carla Stecco Carmelo Pirri The Effect of Mechanical Stress on Hyaluronan Fragments’ Inflammatory Cascade: Clinical Implications Life mechanical stress hyaluronan hyaluronan fragment inflammatory reaction soreness densification |
| title | The Effect of Mechanical Stress on Hyaluronan Fragments’ Inflammatory Cascade: Clinical Implications |
| title_full | The Effect of Mechanical Stress on Hyaluronan Fragments’ Inflammatory Cascade: Clinical Implications |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Mechanical Stress on Hyaluronan Fragments’ Inflammatory Cascade: Clinical Implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Mechanical Stress on Hyaluronan Fragments’ Inflammatory Cascade: Clinical Implications |
| title_short | The Effect of Mechanical Stress on Hyaluronan Fragments’ Inflammatory Cascade: Clinical Implications |
| title_sort | effect of mechanical stress on hyaluronan fragments inflammatory cascade clinical implications |
| topic | mechanical stress hyaluronan hyaluronan fragment inflammatory reaction soreness densification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/12/2277 |
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