Towards Using the Instrumented Timed Up-and-Go Test for Screening of Sensory System Performance for Balance Control in Older Adults

<i>Background</i>: Decreasing performance of the sensory systems&#8217; for balance control, including the visual, somatosensory and vestibular system, is associated with increased fall risk in older adults. A smartphone-based version of the Timed Up-and-Go (mTUG) may allow screening...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Thomas Gerhardy, Katharina Gordt, Carl-Philipp Jansen, Michael Schwenk
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-02-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/3/622
Description
Summary:<i>Background</i>: Decreasing performance of the sensory systems&#8217; for balance control, including the visual, somatosensory and vestibular system, is associated with increased fall risk in older adults. A smartphone-based version of the Timed Up-and-Go (mTUG) may allow screening sensory balance impairments through mTUG subphases. The association between mTUG subphases and sensory system performance is examined. <i>Methods</i>: Functional mobility of forty-one community-dwelling older adults (&gt;55 years) was measured using a validated mTUG. Duration of mTUG and its subphases &#8216;sit-to-walk&#8217;, &#8216;walking&#8217;, &#8216;turning&#8217;, &#8216;turn-to-sit&#8217; and &#8216;sit-down&#8217; were extracted. Sensory systems&#8217; performance was quantified by validated posturography during standing (30 s) under different conditions. Visual, somatosensory and vestibular control ratios (CR) were calculated from posturography and correlated with mTUG subphases. <i>Results</i>: Vestibular CR correlated with mTUG total time (r = 0.54; p &lt; 0.01), subphases &#8216;walking&#8217; (r = 0.56; p &lt; 0.01), and &#8216;turning&#8217; (r = 0.43; p = 0.01). Somatosensory CR correlated with mTUG total time (r = 0.52; p = 0.01), subphases &#8216;walking&#8217; (r = 0.52; p &lt; 0.01) and &#8216;turning&#8217; (r = 0.44; p &lt; 0.01). <i>Conclusions</i>: Supporting the proposed approach, results indicate an association between specific mTUG subphases and sensory system performance. mTUG subphases &#8216;walking&#8217; and &#8216;turning&#8217; may allow screening for sensory system deterioration. This is a first step towards an objective, detailed and expeditious balance control assessment, however needing validation in a larger study.
ISSN:1424-8220