Morphological identification and genetic characterization of Anopheles stephensi in Somaliland
Abstract Malaria control in Somaliland depends on the effective identification of potential malaria vectors, particularly those that may be invasive. The malaria vector Anopheles stephensi has been detected in multiple countries in the Horn of Africa (HOA), but data on its geographic distribution an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05339-y |
| _version_ | 1818519238854311936 |
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| author | Said Ali Jeanne N. Samake Joseph Spear Tamar E. Carter |
| author_facet | Said Ali Jeanne N. Samake Joseph Spear Tamar E. Carter |
| author_sort | Said Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Malaria control in Somaliland depends on the effective identification of potential malaria vectors, particularly those that may be invasive. The malaria vector Anopheles stephensi has been detected in multiple countries in the Horn of Africa (HOA), but data on its geographic distribution and population genetic diversity are incomplete. We implemented a vector surveillance program and performed molecular analysis of Anopheles in three urban areas in Somaliland. Our study confirmed the presence of both the invasive An. stephensi and the long-established HOA malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis. Further analysis of An. stephensi genetic diversity revealed three cytochrome oxidase I (COI) haplotypes, all of which have been observed in other countries in East Africa and one also observed in South Asia. We also detected the knockdown resistance (kdr) L1014F mutation, which is associated with pyrethroid resistance; this finding supports the need for further assessment of the potential for insecticide resistance. The detection of multiple haplotypes previously observed in other regions of East Africa indicates that An. stephensi is an established population in Somaliland and likely shares its origin with other newly identified An. stephensi populations in East Africa. The detection of genetic diversity in An. stephensi in Somaliland provides a basis for future studies on the history of the species in the region and its dispersal throughout East Africa. Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:21:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0052c4b81de44d63901e963527e75dbb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:21:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-0052c4b81de44d63901e963527e75dbb2022-12-22T01:25:41ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052022-07-011511610.1186/s13071-022-05339-yMorphological identification and genetic characterization of Anopheles stephensi in SomalilandSaid Ali0Jeanne N. Samake1Joseph Spear2Tamar E. Carter3National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health DevelopmentBaylor UniversityBaylor UniversityBaylor UniversityAbstract Malaria control in Somaliland depends on the effective identification of potential malaria vectors, particularly those that may be invasive. The malaria vector Anopheles stephensi has been detected in multiple countries in the Horn of Africa (HOA), but data on its geographic distribution and population genetic diversity are incomplete. We implemented a vector surveillance program and performed molecular analysis of Anopheles in three urban areas in Somaliland. Our study confirmed the presence of both the invasive An. stephensi and the long-established HOA malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis. Further analysis of An. stephensi genetic diversity revealed three cytochrome oxidase I (COI) haplotypes, all of which have been observed in other countries in East Africa and one also observed in South Asia. We also detected the knockdown resistance (kdr) L1014F mutation, which is associated with pyrethroid resistance; this finding supports the need for further assessment of the potential for insecticide resistance. The detection of multiple haplotypes previously observed in other regions of East Africa indicates that An. stephensi is an established population in Somaliland and likely shares its origin with other newly identified An. stephensi populations in East Africa. The detection of genetic diversity in An. stephensi in Somaliland provides a basis for future studies on the history of the species in the region and its dispersal throughout East Africa. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05339-yMalariaInvasive speciesMitochondrial DNAVector-borne disease |
| spellingShingle | Said Ali Jeanne N. Samake Joseph Spear Tamar E. Carter Morphological identification and genetic characterization of Anopheles stephensi in Somaliland Parasites & Vectors Malaria Invasive species Mitochondrial DNA Vector-borne disease |
| title | Morphological identification and genetic characterization of Anopheles stephensi in Somaliland |
| title_full | Morphological identification and genetic characterization of Anopheles stephensi in Somaliland |
| title_fullStr | Morphological identification and genetic characterization of Anopheles stephensi in Somaliland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphological identification and genetic characterization of Anopheles stephensi in Somaliland |
| title_short | Morphological identification and genetic characterization of Anopheles stephensi in Somaliland |
| title_sort | morphological identification and genetic characterization of anopheles stephensi in somaliland |
| topic | Malaria Invasive species Mitochondrial DNA Vector-borne disease |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05339-y |
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