Comparing Ocular Toxicity of Legacy and Alternative Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Zebrafish Larvae

Studies comparing the ocular toxicity potential between legacy and alternative PFAS are lacking. To address this research gap, zebrafish larvae were exposed to both legacy PFAS (i.e., perfluorooctanesulfonic acid [PFOS] and perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA]) and their corresponding alternatives (i.e., p...

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Main Authors: Han-seul Lee, Soogyeong Jang, Youngsub Eom, Ki-Tae Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-12-01
Series:Toxics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/12/1021
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author Han-seul Lee
Soogyeong Jang
Youngsub Eom
Ki-Tae Kim
author_facet Han-seul Lee
Soogyeong Jang
Youngsub Eom
Ki-Tae Kim
author_sort Han-seul Lee
collection DOAJ
description Studies comparing the ocular toxicity potential between legacy and alternative PFAS are lacking. To address this research gap, zebrafish larvae were exposed to both legacy PFAS (i.e., perfluorooctanesulfonic acid [PFOS] and perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA]) and their corresponding alternatives (i.e., perfluorobutanesulfonic acid [PFBS] and perfluorobutanoic acid [PFBA]). Alterations in their visual behaviors, such as phototactic and optomotor responses (OMR), were assessed at sublethal concentrations. Gene expression variations in visual function-associated pathways were also measured. Visual behavioral assessment revealed that PFOS exposure resulted in concentration-dependent reductions in phototactic responses at 10–1000 μg/L, with PFOA exerting reduction effects only at 100 mg/L. However, their two alternatives had no effect at all tested concentrations. Following an improved contrast-OMR (C-OMR) assessment, PFOS decreased the OMR to a water flow stimulus at 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L. The gene expression analysis revealed that PFOS exposure markedly downregulated most genes involved in the opsins in the photoreceptor and phototransduction cascade, which explains the observed visual behavior changes well. Our findings indicate that PFOS is the most likely PFAS to cause visual toxicity, with PFOA present but less likely, and their substitutes, PFBS and PFBA, cannot be classified as visually toxic to zebrafish.
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spelling doaj.art-0058abef4b7a4ea2b9c01a1865b0f7f02023-12-22T14:46:10ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-12-011112102110.3390/toxics11121021Comparing Ocular Toxicity of Legacy and Alternative Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Zebrafish LarvaeHan-seul Lee0Soogyeong Jang1Youngsub Eom2Ki-Tae Kim3Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of KoreaZebrafish Translational Medical Research Center, Korea University, Ansan 15355, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of KoreaStudies comparing the ocular toxicity potential between legacy and alternative PFAS are lacking. To address this research gap, zebrafish larvae were exposed to both legacy PFAS (i.e., perfluorooctanesulfonic acid [PFOS] and perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA]) and their corresponding alternatives (i.e., perfluorobutanesulfonic acid [PFBS] and perfluorobutanoic acid [PFBA]). Alterations in their visual behaviors, such as phototactic and optomotor responses (OMR), were assessed at sublethal concentrations. Gene expression variations in visual function-associated pathways were also measured. Visual behavioral assessment revealed that PFOS exposure resulted in concentration-dependent reductions in phototactic responses at 10–1000 μg/L, with PFOA exerting reduction effects only at 100 mg/L. However, their two alternatives had no effect at all tested concentrations. Following an improved contrast-OMR (C-OMR) assessment, PFOS decreased the OMR to a water flow stimulus at 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L. The gene expression analysis revealed that PFOS exposure markedly downregulated most genes involved in the opsins in the photoreceptor and phototransduction cascade, which explains the observed visual behavior changes well. Our findings indicate that PFOS is the most likely PFAS to cause visual toxicity, with PFOA present but less likely, and their substitutes, PFBS and PFBA, cannot be classified as visually toxic to zebrafish.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/12/1021eye toxicityneurotoxicityPFOSPFOAPFBSPFBA
spellingShingle Han-seul Lee
Soogyeong Jang
Youngsub Eom
Ki-Tae Kim
Comparing Ocular Toxicity of Legacy and Alternative Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Zebrafish Larvae
Toxics
eye toxicity
neurotoxicity
PFOS
PFOA
PFBS
PFBA
title Comparing Ocular Toxicity of Legacy and Alternative Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Zebrafish Larvae
title_full Comparing Ocular Toxicity of Legacy and Alternative Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Zebrafish Larvae
title_fullStr Comparing Ocular Toxicity of Legacy and Alternative Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Zebrafish Larvae
title_full_unstemmed Comparing Ocular Toxicity of Legacy and Alternative Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Zebrafish Larvae
title_short Comparing Ocular Toxicity of Legacy and Alternative Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Zebrafish Larvae
title_sort comparing ocular toxicity of legacy and alternative per and polyfluoroalkyl substances in zebrafish larvae
topic eye toxicity
neurotoxicity
PFOS
PFOA
PFBS
PFBA
url https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/12/1021
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AT youngsubeom comparingoculartoxicityoflegacyandalternativeperandpolyfluoroalkylsubstancesinzebrafishlarvae
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