Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning (CG) and differences between +CG and −CG strokes in China regarding the China National Lightning Detection Network
<p>A lightning location system consisting of multiple ground-based stations is an effective means of lightning observation. The dataset from CNLDN (China National Lightning Detection Network) in 2016–2022 is employed to analyze the temporal and spatial lightning distributions and the differenc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |
| Online Access: | https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/23/3747/2023/nhess-23-3747-2023.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797404951575527424 |
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| author | R. Jiang G. Zhang S. Wang B. Xue Z. Xie T. Yu K. Wang J. Ding X. Zhu |
| author_facet | R. Jiang G. Zhang S. Wang B. Xue Z. Xie T. Yu K. Wang J. Ding X. Zhu |
| author_sort | R. Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>A lightning location system consisting of multiple ground-based stations is an effective means of lightning observation. The dataset from CNLDN (China National Lightning Detection Network) in 2016–2022 is employed to analyze the temporal and spatial lightning distributions and the differences between <span class="inline-formula">+</span>CG (positive cloud-to-ground lightning) and <span class="inline-formula">−</span>CG (negative cloud-to-ground lightning) strokes in China. On the annual scale, lightning activity is most prevalent during the summer months (June, July, and August), accounting for 72.6 % of the year. Spring sees more lightning than autumn, and winter has only a small amount in southeastern coastal areas. During the day, the frequency of lightning peaks at 15:00–17:00 CST (China standard time) and is lowest at 8:00–10:00 CST. For the period with high CG stroke frequency (summer of a year or afternoon of a day), the proportion of <span class="inline-formula">+</span>CG strokes and the discharge peak current are relatively small. Winter in a year and morning or midnight in a day correspond to a greater <span class="inline-formula">+</span>CG stroke proportion and discharge current. Spatially, low latitudes, undulating terrain, the seaside, and humid surfaces are favorable factors for lightning occurrence. Thus, the southeast coastland has the largest lightning stroke density, while the northwest deserts and basins and the western and northern Tibetan Plateau, with altitudes over 6000 m, have almost no lightning. The proportion of <span class="inline-formula">+</span>CG strokes and the peak current are low in the southern region with high density but diverse in other regions. The Tibetan Plateau causes the diversity of lightning activity in China and lays the foundation for studying the impact of surface elevation on lightning. Results indicate that the <span class="inline-formula">+</span>CG stroke proportion on the eastern and southern Tibetan Plateau is up to 15 %, larger than the plain regions. The peak current of <span class="inline-formula">−</span>CG strokes is positively correlated with altitude, but <span class="inline-formula">+</span>CG strokes show a negative correlation, resulting in a large difference in peak current between <span class="inline-formula">+</span>CG and <span class="inline-formula">−</span>CG on the plain and a small difference on the plateau.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:02:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0063e6ad204c4a7b9f2d81edbfb4fe88 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1561-8633 1684-9981 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:02:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-0063e6ad204c4a7b9f2d81edbfb4fe882023-12-04T09:55:25ZengCopernicus PublicationsNatural Hazards and Earth System Sciences1561-86331684-99812023-12-01233747375910.5194/nhess-23-3747-2023Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning (CG) and differences between +CG and −CG strokes in China regarding the China National Lightning Detection NetworkR. Jiang0G. Zhang1S. Wang2B. Xue3Z. Xie4T. Yu5K. Wang6J. Ding7X. Zhu8Public Meteorological Service Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaPublic Meteorological Service Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaPublic Meteorological Service Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaPublic Meteorological Service Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaWeather Modification Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaPublic Meteorological Service Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaPublic Meteorological Service Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaPublic Meteorological Service Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaPublic Meteorological Service Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China<p>A lightning location system consisting of multiple ground-based stations is an effective means of lightning observation. The dataset from CNLDN (China National Lightning Detection Network) in 2016–2022 is employed to analyze the temporal and spatial lightning distributions and the differences between <span class="inline-formula">+</span>CG (positive cloud-to-ground lightning) and <span class="inline-formula">−</span>CG (negative cloud-to-ground lightning) strokes in China. On the annual scale, lightning activity is most prevalent during the summer months (June, July, and August), accounting for 72.6 % of the year. Spring sees more lightning than autumn, and winter has only a small amount in southeastern coastal areas. During the day, the frequency of lightning peaks at 15:00–17:00 CST (China standard time) and is lowest at 8:00–10:00 CST. For the period with high CG stroke frequency (summer of a year or afternoon of a day), the proportion of <span class="inline-formula">+</span>CG strokes and the discharge peak current are relatively small. Winter in a year and morning or midnight in a day correspond to a greater <span class="inline-formula">+</span>CG stroke proportion and discharge current. Spatially, low latitudes, undulating terrain, the seaside, and humid surfaces are favorable factors for lightning occurrence. Thus, the southeast coastland has the largest lightning stroke density, while the northwest deserts and basins and the western and northern Tibetan Plateau, with altitudes over 6000 m, have almost no lightning. The proportion of <span class="inline-formula">+</span>CG strokes and the peak current are low in the southern region with high density but diverse in other regions. The Tibetan Plateau causes the diversity of lightning activity in China and lays the foundation for studying the impact of surface elevation on lightning. Results indicate that the <span class="inline-formula">+</span>CG stroke proportion on the eastern and southern Tibetan Plateau is up to 15 %, larger than the plain regions. The peak current of <span class="inline-formula">−</span>CG strokes is positively correlated with altitude, but <span class="inline-formula">+</span>CG strokes show a negative correlation, resulting in a large difference in peak current between <span class="inline-formula">+</span>CG and <span class="inline-formula">−</span>CG on the plain and a small difference on the plateau.</p>https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/23/3747/2023/nhess-23-3747-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | R. Jiang G. Zhang S. Wang B. Xue Z. Xie T. Yu K. Wang J. Ding X. Zhu Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning (CG) and differences between +CG and −CG strokes in China regarding the China National Lightning Detection Network Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |
| title | Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning (CG) and differences between +CG and −CG strokes in China regarding the China National Lightning Detection Network |
| title_full | Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning (CG) and differences between +CG and −CG strokes in China regarding the China National Lightning Detection Network |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning (CG) and differences between +CG and −CG strokes in China regarding the China National Lightning Detection Network |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning (CG) and differences between +CG and −CG strokes in China regarding the China National Lightning Detection Network |
| title_short | Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning (CG) and differences between +CG and −CG strokes in China regarding the China National Lightning Detection Network |
| title_sort | characteristics of cloud to ground lightning cg and differences between cg and cg strokes in china regarding the china national lightning detection network |
| url | https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/23/3747/2023/nhess-23-3747-2023.pdf |
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