An Access Control System Based on Blockchain with Zero-Knowledge Rollups in High-Traffic IoT Environments
The access control (AC) system in an IoT (Internet of Things) context ensures that only authorized entities have access to specific devices and that the authorization procedure is based on pre-established rules. Recently, blockchain-based AC systems have gained attention within research as a potenti...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/7/3443 |
| _version_ | 1797607017360130048 |
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| author | Xin Lin Yuanyuan Zhang Changhai Huang Bin Xing Liangyin Chen Dasha Hu Yanru Chen |
| author_facet | Xin Lin Yuanyuan Zhang Changhai Huang Bin Xing Liangyin Chen Dasha Hu Yanru Chen |
| author_sort | Xin Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The access control (AC) system in an IoT (Internet of Things) context ensures that only authorized entities have access to specific devices and that the authorization procedure is based on pre-established rules. Recently, blockchain-based AC systems have gained attention within research as a potential solution to the single point of failure issue that centralized architectures may bring. Moreover, zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) technology is included in blockchain-based AC systems to address the issue of sensitive data leaking. However, current solutions have two problems: (1) systems built by these works are not adaptive to high-traffic IoT environments because of low transactions per second (TPS) and high latency; (2) these works cannot fully guarantee that all user behaviors are honest. In this work, we propose a blockchain-based AC system with zero-knowledge rollups to address the aforementioned issues. Our proposed system implements zero-knowledge rollups (ZK-rollups) of access control, where different AC authorization requests can be grouped into the same batch to generate a uniform ZKP, which is designed specifically to guarantee that participants can be trusted. In low-traffic environments, sufficient experiments show that the proposed system has the least AC authorization time cost compared to existing works. In high-traffic environments, we further prove that based on the ZK-rollups optimization, the proposed system can reduce the authorization time overhead by 86%. Furthermore, the security analysis is presented to show the system’s ability to prevent malicious behaviors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:25:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-006531719c6e4ba6998cbb4de2287e8f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:25:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-006531719c6e4ba6998cbb4de2287e8f2023-11-17T17:32:36ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-03-01237344310.3390/s23073443An Access Control System Based on Blockchain with Zero-Knowledge Rollups in High-Traffic IoT EnvironmentsXin Lin0Yuanyuan Zhang1Changhai Huang2Bin Xing3Liangyin Chen4Dasha Hu5Yanru Chen6School of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaSchool of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaSichuan GreatWall Computer System Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646000, ChinaChongqing Innovation Center of Industrial Big-Data Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400707, ChinaSchool of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaSchool of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaSchool of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaThe access control (AC) system in an IoT (Internet of Things) context ensures that only authorized entities have access to specific devices and that the authorization procedure is based on pre-established rules. Recently, blockchain-based AC systems have gained attention within research as a potential solution to the single point of failure issue that centralized architectures may bring. Moreover, zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) technology is included in blockchain-based AC systems to address the issue of sensitive data leaking. However, current solutions have two problems: (1) systems built by these works are not adaptive to high-traffic IoT environments because of low transactions per second (TPS) and high latency; (2) these works cannot fully guarantee that all user behaviors are honest. In this work, we propose a blockchain-based AC system with zero-knowledge rollups to address the aforementioned issues. Our proposed system implements zero-knowledge rollups (ZK-rollups) of access control, where different AC authorization requests can be grouped into the same batch to generate a uniform ZKP, which is designed specifically to guarantee that participants can be trusted. In low-traffic environments, sufficient experiments show that the proposed system has the least AC authorization time cost compared to existing works. In high-traffic environments, we further prove that based on the ZK-rollups optimization, the proposed system can reduce the authorization time overhead by 86%. Furthermore, the security analysis is presented to show the system’s ability to prevent malicious behaviors.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/7/3443blockchainaccess controlzero-knowledge proofzero-knowledge rollups |
| spellingShingle | Xin Lin Yuanyuan Zhang Changhai Huang Bin Xing Liangyin Chen Dasha Hu Yanru Chen An Access Control System Based on Blockchain with Zero-Knowledge Rollups in High-Traffic IoT Environments Sensors blockchain access control zero-knowledge proof zero-knowledge rollups |
| title | An Access Control System Based on Blockchain with Zero-Knowledge Rollups in High-Traffic IoT Environments |
| title_full | An Access Control System Based on Blockchain with Zero-Knowledge Rollups in High-Traffic IoT Environments |
| title_fullStr | An Access Control System Based on Blockchain with Zero-Knowledge Rollups in High-Traffic IoT Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Access Control System Based on Blockchain with Zero-Knowledge Rollups in High-Traffic IoT Environments |
| title_short | An Access Control System Based on Blockchain with Zero-Knowledge Rollups in High-Traffic IoT Environments |
| title_sort | access control system based on blockchain with zero knowledge rollups in high traffic iot environments |
| topic | blockchain access control zero-knowledge proof zero-knowledge rollups |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/7/3443 |
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