Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Mediators in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. A Pilot Study with a Biomarker Perspective
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the highest infectious burdens worldwide. An excess of inflammation and inadequate antioxidant defense mechanisms are believed to lead to chronic inflammation and lung damage in tuberculosis (TB). However, circulating metabolites do not always replicate lung-associated bi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/10/1572 |
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| author | Silvia Guzmán-Beltrán Laura Elena Carreto-Binaghi Claudia Carranza Martha Torres Yolanda Gonzalez Marcela Muñoz-Torrico Esmeralda Juárez |
| author_facet | Silvia Guzmán-Beltrán Laura Elena Carreto-Binaghi Claudia Carranza Martha Torres Yolanda Gonzalez Marcela Muñoz-Torrico Esmeralda Juárez |
| author_sort | Silvia Guzmán-Beltrán |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the highest infectious burdens worldwide. An excess of inflammation and inadequate antioxidant defense mechanisms are believed to lead to chronic inflammation and lung damage in tuberculosis (TB). However, circulating metabolites do not always replicate lung-associated biomarkers that define the pathobiology of the disease. The objective of this study was to determine the utility of exhaled breath condensate (EBC), a non-invasive and straightforward sample, to evaluate alveolar space-derived metabolites of redox state and inflammation. We assessed the levels of exhaled oxidant/antioxidant parameters (8-isoprostane, MDA, GSH), inflammatory markers, such as nucleosomes, cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and lipid mediators (PGE2, LTB4, RvD1, and Mar1), in patients with recently diagnosed pulmonary TB and healthy controls’ EBC and serum. The TB patients showed 36% lower GSH levels, and 2-, 1.4-, 1.1-, and 50-fold higher levels of 8-isoprostanes, nucleosomes, IL-6, and LTB4, respectively, in EBC. There was no correlation between EBC and serum, highlighting the importance of measuring local biomarkers. Quantitation of local inflammatory molecules and redox states in EBC would help find biomarkers useful for pharmacological and follow-up studies in pulmonary tuberculosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:44:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0070ddaabdd9493b8a407e0e0b7de57d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:44:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-0070ddaabdd9493b8a407e0e0b7de57d2023-11-22T17:16:04ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-10-011010157210.3390/antiox10101572Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Mediators in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. A Pilot Study with a Biomarker PerspectiveSilvia Guzmán-Beltrán0Laura Elena Carreto-Binaghi1Claudia Carranza2Martha Torres3Yolanda Gonzalez4Marcela Muñoz-Torrico5Esmeralda Juárez6Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, MexicoLaboratorio de Inmunobiología de la Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, MexicoLaboratorio de Inmunobiología de la Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, MexicoLaboratorio de Inmunobiología de la Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, MexicoDepartamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, MexicoServicio Clínico de Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, MexicoDepartamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, MexicoTuberculosis (TB) is one of the highest infectious burdens worldwide. An excess of inflammation and inadequate antioxidant defense mechanisms are believed to lead to chronic inflammation and lung damage in tuberculosis (TB). However, circulating metabolites do not always replicate lung-associated biomarkers that define the pathobiology of the disease. The objective of this study was to determine the utility of exhaled breath condensate (EBC), a non-invasive and straightforward sample, to evaluate alveolar space-derived metabolites of redox state and inflammation. We assessed the levels of exhaled oxidant/antioxidant parameters (8-isoprostane, MDA, GSH), inflammatory markers, such as nucleosomes, cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and lipid mediators (PGE2, LTB4, RvD1, and Mar1), in patients with recently diagnosed pulmonary TB and healthy controls’ EBC and serum. The TB patients showed 36% lower GSH levels, and 2-, 1.4-, 1.1-, and 50-fold higher levels of 8-isoprostanes, nucleosomes, IL-6, and LTB4, respectively, in EBC. There was no correlation between EBC and serum, highlighting the importance of measuring local biomarkers. Quantitation of local inflammatory molecules and redox states in EBC would help find biomarkers useful for pharmacological and follow-up studies in pulmonary tuberculosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/10/1572exhaled breath condensateinflammationoxidative stresspulmonary tuberculosis |
| spellingShingle | Silvia Guzmán-Beltrán Laura Elena Carreto-Binaghi Claudia Carranza Martha Torres Yolanda Gonzalez Marcela Muñoz-Torrico Esmeralda Juárez Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Mediators in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. A Pilot Study with a Biomarker Perspective Antioxidants exhaled breath condensate inflammation oxidative stress pulmonary tuberculosis |
| title | Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Mediators in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. A Pilot Study with a Biomarker Perspective |
| title_full | Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Mediators in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. A Pilot Study with a Biomarker Perspective |
| title_fullStr | Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Mediators in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. A Pilot Study with a Biomarker Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Mediators in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. A Pilot Study with a Biomarker Perspective |
| title_short | Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Mediators in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. A Pilot Study with a Biomarker Perspective |
| title_sort | oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in exhaled breath condensate of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis a pilot study with a biomarker perspective |
| topic | exhaled breath condensate inflammation oxidative stress pulmonary tuberculosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/10/1572 |
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