Inhibitory Effect of Chitosan and Phosphate Cross-linked Chitosan against Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) causes severe economic loss in crop productivity of both agriculture and horticulture crops in Korea. The previous surveys showed that naturally available biopolymer material – chitosan (CS), which is from shrimp cells, reduced CMV acc...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Hanrimwon Publishing Company
2021-12-01
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| Series: | The Plant Pathology Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.ppjonline.org/upload/pdf/PPJ-OA-10-2021-0155.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818068500165427200 |
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| author | Venkata Subba Reddy Gangireddygari Bong Nam Chung In-Sook Cho Ju-Yeon Yoon |
| author_facet | Venkata Subba Reddy Gangireddygari Bong Nam Chung In-Sook Cho Ju-Yeon Yoon |
| author_sort | Venkata Subba Reddy Gangireddygari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) causes severe economic loss in crop productivity of both agriculture and horticulture crops in Korea. The previous surveys showed that naturally available biopolymer material – chitosan (CS), which is from shrimp cells, reduced CMV accumulation on pepper. To improve the antiviral activity of CS, it was synthesized to form phosphate cross-linked chitosan (PCS) and compared with the original CS. Initially, the activity of CS and PCS (0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% concentration) compound against PMMoV infection and replication was tested using a half-leaf assay on Nicotiana glutinosa leaves. The total number of local lesions represented on a leaf of N. glutinosa were counted and analyzed with phosphate buffer treated leaves as a negative control. The leaves treated with a 0.1% concentration of CS or PCS compounds exhibited an inhibition effect by 40–75% compared with the control leaves. The same treatment significantly reduced about 40% CMV accumulation measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and increased the relative expression levels of the NPR1, PR-1, cysteine protease inhibitor gene, LOX, PAL, SRC2, CRF3 and ERF4 genes analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, in chili pepper plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:40:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0072d0e2e9504ad89d62d5c76c3c54d7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1598-2254 2093-9280 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:40:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Hanrimwon Publishing Company |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Plant Pathology Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-0072d0e2e9504ad89d62d5c76c3c54d72022-12-22T01:43:07ZengHanrimwon Publishing CompanyThe Plant Pathology Journal1598-22542093-92802021-12-0137663264010.5423/PPJ.OA.10.2021.01552290Inhibitory Effect of Chitosan and Phosphate Cross-linked Chitosan against Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Pepper Mild Mottle VirusVenkata Subba Reddy Gangireddygari0Bong Nam Chung1In-Sook Cho2Ju-Yeon Yoon3 Virology Unit, Horticulture and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea Virology Unit, Horticulture and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea Virology Unit, Horticulture and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea Virology Unit, Horticulture and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, KoreaCucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) causes severe economic loss in crop productivity of both agriculture and horticulture crops in Korea. The previous surveys showed that naturally available biopolymer material – chitosan (CS), which is from shrimp cells, reduced CMV accumulation on pepper. To improve the antiviral activity of CS, it was synthesized to form phosphate cross-linked chitosan (PCS) and compared with the original CS. Initially, the activity of CS and PCS (0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% concentration) compound against PMMoV infection and replication was tested using a half-leaf assay on Nicotiana glutinosa leaves. The total number of local lesions represented on a leaf of N. glutinosa were counted and analyzed with phosphate buffer treated leaves as a negative control. The leaves treated with a 0.1% concentration of CS or PCS compounds exhibited an inhibition effect by 40–75% compared with the control leaves. The same treatment significantly reduced about 40% CMV accumulation measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and increased the relative expression levels of the NPR1, PR-1, cysteine protease inhibitor gene, LOX, PAL, SRC2, CRF3 and ERF4 genes analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, in chili pepper plants.http://www.ppjonline.org/upload/pdf/PPJ-OA-10-2021-0155.pdfchili pepperchitosandas-elisaphosphate cross-linked chitosanrt-qpcr |
| spellingShingle | Venkata Subba Reddy Gangireddygari Bong Nam Chung In-Sook Cho Ju-Yeon Yoon Inhibitory Effect of Chitosan and Phosphate Cross-linked Chitosan against Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus The Plant Pathology Journal chili pepper chitosan das-elisa phosphate cross-linked chitosan rt-qpcr |
| title | Inhibitory Effect of Chitosan and Phosphate Cross-linked Chitosan against Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus |
| title_full | Inhibitory Effect of Chitosan and Phosphate Cross-linked Chitosan against Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus |
| title_fullStr | Inhibitory Effect of Chitosan and Phosphate Cross-linked Chitosan against Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhibitory Effect of Chitosan and Phosphate Cross-linked Chitosan against Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus |
| title_short | Inhibitory Effect of Chitosan and Phosphate Cross-linked Chitosan against Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus |
| title_sort | inhibitory effect of chitosan and phosphate cross linked chitosan against cucumber mosaic virus and pepper mild mottle virus |
| topic | chili pepper chitosan das-elisa phosphate cross-linked chitosan rt-qpcr |
| url | http://www.ppjonline.org/upload/pdf/PPJ-OA-10-2021-0155.pdf |
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