The Cardiorespiratory Network in Healthy First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenic Patients
Impaired heart rate- and respiratory regulatory processes as a sign of an autonomic dysfunction seems to be obviously present in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Since the linear and non-linear couplings within the cardiorespiratory system with respiration as an important homeostatic control m...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2020.00617/full |
| _version_ | 1828888194120155136 |
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| author | Steffen Schulz Jens Haueisen Karl-Jürgen Bär Andreas Voss |
| author_facet | Steffen Schulz Jens Haueisen Karl-Jürgen Bär Andreas Voss |
| author_sort | Steffen Schulz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Impaired heart rate- and respiratory regulatory processes as a sign of an autonomic dysfunction seems to be obviously present in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Since the linear and non-linear couplings within the cardiorespiratory system with respiration as an important homeostatic control mechanism are only partially investigated so far for those subjects, we aimed to characterize instantaneous cardiorespiratory couplings by quantifying the casual interaction between heart rate (HR) and respiration (RESP). Therefore, we investigated causal linear and non-linear cardiorespiratory couplings of 23 patients suffering from schizophrenia (SZO), 20 healthy first-degree relatives (REL) and 23 healthy subjects, who were age-gender matched (CON). From all participants’ heart rate (HR) and respirations (respiratory frequency, RESP) were investigated for 30 min under resting conditions. The results revealed highly significant increased HR, reduced HR variability, increased respiration rates and impaired cardiorespiratory couplings in SZO in comparison to CON. SZO were revealed bidirectional couplings, with respiration as the driver (RESP → HR), and with weaker linear and non-linear coupling strengths when RESP influencing HR (RESP → HR) and with stronger linear and non-linear coupling strengths when HR influencing RESP (HR → RESP). For REL we found only significant increased HR and only slightly reduced cardiorespiratory couplings compared to CON. These findings clearly pointing to an underlying disease-inherent genetic component of the cardiac system for SZO and REL, and those respiratory alterations are only clearly present in SZO seem to be connected to their mental emotional states. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T12:18:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-007d49b2e54b45c59384b680d3d2a111 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T12:18:23Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-007d49b2e54b45c59384b680d3d2a1112022-12-21T23:46:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2020-06-011410.3389/fnins.2020.00617521598The Cardiorespiratory Network in Healthy First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenic PatientsSteffen Schulz0Jens Haueisen1Karl-Jürgen Bär2Andreas Voss3Institute of Innovative Health Technologies (IGHT), University of Applied Sciences, Jena, GermanyInstitute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, GermanyDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, GermanyInstitute of Innovative Health Technologies (IGHT), University of Applied Sciences, Jena, GermanyImpaired heart rate- and respiratory regulatory processes as a sign of an autonomic dysfunction seems to be obviously present in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Since the linear and non-linear couplings within the cardiorespiratory system with respiration as an important homeostatic control mechanism are only partially investigated so far for those subjects, we aimed to characterize instantaneous cardiorespiratory couplings by quantifying the casual interaction between heart rate (HR) and respiration (RESP). Therefore, we investigated causal linear and non-linear cardiorespiratory couplings of 23 patients suffering from schizophrenia (SZO), 20 healthy first-degree relatives (REL) and 23 healthy subjects, who were age-gender matched (CON). From all participants’ heart rate (HR) and respirations (respiratory frequency, RESP) were investigated for 30 min under resting conditions. The results revealed highly significant increased HR, reduced HR variability, increased respiration rates and impaired cardiorespiratory couplings in SZO in comparison to CON. SZO were revealed bidirectional couplings, with respiration as the driver (RESP → HR), and with weaker linear and non-linear coupling strengths when RESP influencing HR (RESP → HR) and with stronger linear and non-linear coupling strengths when HR influencing RESP (HR → RESP). For REL we found only significant increased HR and only slightly reduced cardiorespiratory couplings compared to CON. These findings clearly pointing to an underlying disease-inherent genetic component of the cardiac system for SZO and REL, and those respiratory alterations are only clearly present in SZO seem to be connected to their mental emotional states.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2020.00617/fullcardiorespiratory couplingNetwork Physiologypartial directed coherencetransfer entropyschizophreniarelatives |
| spellingShingle | Steffen Schulz Jens Haueisen Karl-Jürgen Bär Andreas Voss The Cardiorespiratory Network in Healthy First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenic Patients Frontiers in Neuroscience cardiorespiratory coupling Network Physiology partial directed coherence transfer entropy schizophrenia relatives |
| title | The Cardiorespiratory Network in Healthy First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenic Patients |
| title_full | The Cardiorespiratory Network in Healthy First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenic Patients |
| title_fullStr | The Cardiorespiratory Network in Healthy First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenic Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Cardiorespiratory Network in Healthy First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenic Patients |
| title_short | The Cardiorespiratory Network in Healthy First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenic Patients |
| title_sort | cardiorespiratory network in healthy first degree relatives of schizophrenic patients |
| topic | cardiorespiratory coupling Network Physiology partial directed coherence transfer entropy schizophrenia relatives |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2020.00617/full |
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