Fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and biogenic sources of fine carbonaceous aerosol in the Carpathian Basin
<p>Fine-fraction aerosol samples were collected, and air pollutants and meteorological properties were measured in situ in the regional background environment of the Carpathian Basin, a suburban area and central part of its largest city, Budapest, in each season for a 1-year-long time interval...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/20/4295/2020/acp-20-4295-2020.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818981930321838080 |
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| author | I. Salma A. Vasanits-Zsigrai A. Machon T. Varga I. Major V. Gergely M. Molnár |
| author_facet | I. Salma A. Vasanits-Zsigrai A. Machon T. Varga I. Major V. Gergely M. Molnár |
| author_sort | I. Salma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Fine-fraction aerosol samples were collected, and air
pollutants and meteorological properties were measured in situ in the regional
background environment of the Carpathian Basin, a suburban area and central
part of its largest city, Budapest, in each season for a 1-year-long time
interval. The samples were analysed for PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> mass, organic carbon
(OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble OC (WSOC), radiocarbon,
levoglucosan (LVG) and its stereoisomers, and some chemical elements.
Carbonaceous aerosol species made up 36 % of the PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> mass, with a
modest seasonal variation and with a slightly increasing tendency from the
regional background to the city centre (from 32 % to 39 %). A coupled
radiocarbon-LVG marker method was applied to apportion the total carbon
(TC <span class="inline-formula">=</span> OC <span class="inline-formula">+</span> EC) into contributions of EC and OC from fossil fuel (FF)
combustion (EC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>FF</sub></span> and OC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>FF</sub></span>, respectively), EC and OC from biomass
burning (BB) (EC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>BB</sub></span> and OC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>BB</sub></span>, respectively), and OC from biogenic
sources (OC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>BIO</sub></span>). Fossil fuel combustion showed rather constant daily or
monthly mean contributions (of 35 %) to the TC in the whole year in all
atmospheric environments, while the daily contributions of BB and biogenic
sources changed radically (from <span class="inline-formula"><2</span> % up to 70 %–85 %) at all
locations and over the years. In October, the three major sources
contributed equally to the TC in all environments. In January, it was the BB
that was the major source, with a share of 70 % at all sites. The
contributions from biogenic sources in January were the smallest. In April,
FF combustion and biogenic sources were the largest two contributors at all
locations with typical shares of 45 %–50 % each. In July, biogenic sources
became the major source type with a monotonically increasing tendency (from
56 % to 72 %) from the city centre to the regional background. The share of
BB was hardly quantifiable in July. The EC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>FF</sub></span> made up more than 90 %
of EC in April and July, while in October and January, the contributions of
EC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>BB</sub></span> were considerable. Biomass burning in winter and autumn offers the
largest and most considerable potential for improving the air quality in cities
as well as in rural areas of the Carpathian Basin.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T17:39:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-009f2711343d4dc0a59b7af82a26a5a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T17:39:08Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-009f2711343d4dc0a59b7af82a26a5a72022-12-21T19:31:09ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242020-04-01204295431210.5194/acp-20-4295-2020Fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and biogenic sources of fine carbonaceous aerosol in the Carpathian BasinI. Salma0A. Vasanits-Zsigrai1A. Machon2T. Varga3I. Major4V. Gergely5M. Molnár6Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös University, Budapest, HungaryInstitute of Chemistry, Eötvös University, Budapest, HungaryAir Quality Reference Center, Hungarian Meteorological Service, Budapest, HungaryIsotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, HungaryIsotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, HungaryIsotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, HungaryIsotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary<p>Fine-fraction aerosol samples were collected, and air pollutants and meteorological properties were measured in situ in the regional background environment of the Carpathian Basin, a suburban area and central part of its largest city, Budapest, in each season for a 1-year-long time interval. The samples were analysed for PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> mass, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble OC (WSOC), radiocarbon, levoglucosan (LVG) and its stereoisomers, and some chemical elements. Carbonaceous aerosol species made up 36 % of the PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> mass, with a modest seasonal variation and with a slightly increasing tendency from the regional background to the city centre (from 32 % to 39 %). A coupled radiocarbon-LVG marker method was applied to apportion the total carbon (TC <span class="inline-formula">=</span> OC <span class="inline-formula">+</span> EC) into contributions of EC and OC from fossil fuel (FF) combustion (EC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>FF</sub></span> and OC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>FF</sub></span>, respectively), EC and OC from biomass burning (BB) (EC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>BB</sub></span> and OC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>BB</sub></span>, respectively), and OC from biogenic sources (OC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>BIO</sub></span>). Fossil fuel combustion showed rather constant daily or monthly mean contributions (of 35 %) to the TC in the whole year in all atmospheric environments, while the daily contributions of BB and biogenic sources changed radically (from <span class="inline-formula"><2</span> % up to 70 %–85 %) at all locations and over the years. In October, the three major sources contributed equally to the TC in all environments. In January, it was the BB that was the major source, with a share of 70 % at all sites. The contributions from biogenic sources in January were the smallest. In April, FF combustion and biogenic sources were the largest two contributors at all locations with typical shares of 45 %–50 % each. In July, biogenic sources became the major source type with a monotonically increasing tendency (from 56 % to 72 %) from the city centre to the regional background. The share of BB was hardly quantifiable in July. The EC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>FF</sub></span> made up more than 90 % of EC in April and July, while in October and January, the contributions of EC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>BB</sub></span> were considerable. Biomass burning in winter and autumn offers the largest and most considerable potential for improving the air quality in cities as well as in rural areas of the Carpathian Basin.</p>https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/20/4295/2020/acp-20-4295-2020.pdf |
| spellingShingle | I. Salma A. Vasanits-Zsigrai A. Machon T. Varga I. Major V. Gergely M. Molnár Fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and biogenic sources of fine carbonaceous aerosol in the Carpathian Basin Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and biogenic sources of fine carbonaceous aerosol in the Carpathian Basin |
| title_full | Fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and biogenic sources of fine carbonaceous aerosol in the Carpathian Basin |
| title_fullStr | Fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and biogenic sources of fine carbonaceous aerosol in the Carpathian Basin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and biogenic sources of fine carbonaceous aerosol in the Carpathian Basin |
| title_short | Fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and biogenic sources of fine carbonaceous aerosol in the Carpathian Basin |
| title_sort | fossil fuel combustion biomass burning and biogenic sources of fine carbonaceous aerosol in the carpathian basin |
| url | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/20/4295/2020/acp-20-4295-2020.pdf |
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