Parental praise and children’s exploration: a virtual reality experiment
Abstract When children practice a new skill and fail, it is critical for them to explore new strategies to succeed. How can parents encourage children’s exploration? Bridging insights from developmental psychology and the neuroscience of motor control, we examined the effects of parental praise on c...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08226-9 |
| _version_ | 1811332118622502912 |
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| author | Eddie Brummelman Stathis Grapsas Katinka van der Kooij |
| author_facet | Eddie Brummelman Stathis Grapsas Katinka van der Kooij |
| author_sort | Eddie Brummelman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract When children practice a new skill and fail, it is critical for them to explore new strategies to succeed. How can parents encourage children’s exploration? Bridging insights from developmental psychology and the neuroscience of motor control, we examined the effects of parental praise on children’s motor exploration. We theorize that modest praise can spark exploration. Unlike inflated praise, modest praise acknowledges children’s performance, without setting a high standard for future performance. This may be reassuring to children with lower levels of self-esteem, who often doubt their ability. We conducted a novel virtual-reality experiment. Children (N = 202, ages 8–12) reported self-esteem and performed a virtual-reality 3D trajectory-matching task, with success/failure feedback after each trial. Children received modest praise (“You did well!”), inflated praise (“You did incredibly well!”), or no praise from their parent. We measured motor exploration as children’s tendency to vary their movements following failure. Relative to no praise, modest praise—unlike inflated praise—encouraged exploration in children with lower levels of self-esteem. By contrast, modest praise discouraged exploration in children with higher levels of self-esteem. Effects were small yet robust. This experiment demonstrates that modest praise can spark exploration in children with lower levels of self-esteem. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:31:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-00a2b1c3507e4617a34282af5a7af578 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:31:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-00a2b1c3507e4617a34282af5a7af5782022-12-22T02:39:33ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-03-0112111110.1038/s41598-022-08226-9Parental praise and children’s exploration: a virtual reality experimentEddie Brummelman0Stathis Grapsas1Katinka van der Kooij2Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of AmsterdamUtrecht UniversityVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAbstract When children practice a new skill and fail, it is critical for them to explore new strategies to succeed. How can parents encourage children’s exploration? Bridging insights from developmental psychology and the neuroscience of motor control, we examined the effects of parental praise on children’s motor exploration. We theorize that modest praise can spark exploration. Unlike inflated praise, modest praise acknowledges children’s performance, without setting a high standard for future performance. This may be reassuring to children with lower levels of self-esteem, who often doubt their ability. We conducted a novel virtual-reality experiment. Children (N = 202, ages 8–12) reported self-esteem and performed a virtual-reality 3D trajectory-matching task, with success/failure feedback after each trial. Children received modest praise (“You did well!”), inflated praise (“You did incredibly well!”), or no praise from their parent. We measured motor exploration as children’s tendency to vary their movements following failure. Relative to no praise, modest praise—unlike inflated praise—encouraged exploration in children with lower levels of self-esteem. By contrast, modest praise discouraged exploration in children with higher levels of self-esteem. Effects were small yet robust. This experiment demonstrates that modest praise can spark exploration in children with lower levels of self-esteem.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08226-9 |
| spellingShingle | Eddie Brummelman Stathis Grapsas Katinka van der Kooij Parental praise and children’s exploration: a virtual reality experiment Scientific Reports |
| title | Parental praise and children’s exploration: a virtual reality experiment |
| title_full | Parental praise and children’s exploration: a virtual reality experiment |
| title_fullStr | Parental praise and children’s exploration: a virtual reality experiment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Parental praise and children’s exploration: a virtual reality experiment |
| title_short | Parental praise and children’s exploration: a virtual reality experiment |
| title_sort | parental praise and children s exploration a virtual reality experiment |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08226-9 |
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