Diagnosing arsenic-mediated biochemical responses in rice cultivars using Raman spectroscopy
Rice (Oryza sativa) is the primary crop for nearly half of the world’s population. Groundwater in many rice-growing parts of the world often has elevated levels of arsenite and arsenate. At the same time, rice can accumulate up to 20 times more arsenic compared to other staple crops. This places an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1371748/full |
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| author | Isaac D. Juárez Isaac D. Juárez Tianyi Dou Sudip Biswas Endang M. Septiningsih Dmitry Kurouski Dmitry Kurouski |
| author_facet | Isaac D. Juárez Isaac D. Juárez Tianyi Dou Sudip Biswas Endang M. Septiningsih Dmitry Kurouski Dmitry Kurouski |
| author_sort | Isaac D. Juárez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rice (Oryza sativa) is the primary crop for nearly half of the world’s population. Groundwater in many rice-growing parts of the world often has elevated levels of arsenite and arsenate. At the same time, rice can accumulate up to 20 times more arsenic compared to other staple crops. This places an enormous amount of people at risk of chronic arsenic poisoning. In this study, we investigated whether Raman spectroscopy (RS) could be used to diagnose arsenic toxicity in rice based on biochemical changes that were induced by arsenic accumulation. We modeled arsenite and arsenate stresses in four different rice cultivars grown in hydroponics over a nine-day window. Our results demonstrate that Raman spectra acquired from rice leaves, coupled with partial least squares-discriminant analysis, enabled accurate detection and identification of arsenic stress with approximately 89% accuracy. We also performed high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-analysis of rice leaves to identify the key molecular analytes sensed by RS in confirming arsenic poisoning. We found that RS primarily detected a decrease in the concentration of lutein and an increase in the concentration of vanillic and ferulic acids due to the accumulation of arsenite and arsenate in rice. This showed that these molecules are detectable indicators of biochemical response to arsenic accumulation. Finally, a cross-correlation of RS with HPLC and ICP-MS demonstrated RS’s potential for a label-free, non-invasive, and non-destructive quantification of arsenic accumulation in rice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:46:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-00ac7ae7d9c447d9a076f787fb5b8c0f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:46:57Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-00ac7ae7d9c447d9a076f787fb5b8c0f2024-03-25T04:48:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2024-03-011510.3389/fpls.2024.13717481371748Diagnosing arsenic-mediated biochemical responses in rice cultivars using Raman spectroscopyIsaac D. Juárez0Isaac D. Juárez1Tianyi Dou2Sudip Biswas3Endang M. Septiningsih4Dmitry Kurouski5Dmitry Kurouski6Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United StatesInterdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United StatesDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United StatesDepartment of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United StatesDepartment of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United StatesDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United StatesInterdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United StatesRice (Oryza sativa) is the primary crop for nearly half of the world’s population. Groundwater in many rice-growing parts of the world often has elevated levels of arsenite and arsenate. At the same time, rice can accumulate up to 20 times more arsenic compared to other staple crops. This places an enormous amount of people at risk of chronic arsenic poisoning. In this study, we investigated whether Raman spectroscopy (RS) could be used to diagnose arsenic toxicity in rice based on biochemical changes that were induced by arsenic accumulation. We modeled arsenite and arsenate stresses in four different rice cultivars grown in hydroponics over a nine-day window. Our results demonstrate that Raman spectra acquired from rice leaves, coupled with partial least squares-discriminant analysis, enabled accurate detection and identification of arsenic stress with approximately 89% accuracy. We also performed high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-analysis of rice leaves to identify the key molecular analytes sensed by RS in confirming arsenic poisoning. We found that RS primarily detected a decrease in the concentration of lutein and an increase in the concentration of vanillic and ferulic acids due to the accumulation of arsenite and arsenate in rice. This showed that these molecules are detectable indicators of biochemical response to arsenic accumulation. Finally, a cross-correlation of RS with HPLC and ICP-MS demonstrated RS’s potential for a label-free, non-invasive, and non-destructive quantification of arsenic accumulation in rice.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1371748/fullOryza sativaphenylpropanoidscarotenoidsstress pathwaysnon-invasive analysisanalytical techniques |
| spellingShingle | Isaac D. Juárez Isaac D. Juárez Tianyi Dou Sudip Biswas Endang M. Septiningsih Dmitry Kurouski Dmitry Kurouski Diagnosing arsenic-mediated biochemical responses in rice cultivars using Raman spectroscopy Frontiers in Plant Science Oryza sativa phenylpropanoids carotenoids stress pathways non-invasive analysis analytical techniques |
| title | Diagnosing arsenic-mediated biochemical responses in rice cultivars using Raman spectroscopy |
| title_full | Diagnosing arsenic-mediated biochemical responses in rice cultivars using Raman spectroscopy |
| title_fullStr | Diagnosing arsenic-mediated biochemical responses in rice cultivars using Raman spectroscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diagnosing arsenic-mediated biochemical responses in rice cultivars using Raman spectroscopy |
| title_short | Diagnosing arsenic-mediated biochemical responses in rice cultivars using Raman spectroscopy |
| title_sort | diagnosing arsenic mediated biochemical responses in rice cultivars using raman spectroscopy |
| topic | Oryza sativa phenylpropanoids carotenoids stress pathways non-invasive analysis analytical techniques |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1371748/full |
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