Prevalence and zoonotic risk factors of Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in cattle at the cattle-wildlife-human interface in South and East Cameroon
Background and Aim: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a contagious and notifiable disease, which is prevalent in cattle populations of many countries and in several wildlife species worldwide. However, the role of wildlife in the transmission and/or maintenance of bTB at the human-wild animal-animal inte...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Veterinary World
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Veterinary World |
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| Online Access: | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.17/January-2024/2.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797364475380105216 |
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| author | Armelle Prudence Kouengoua Kouengoua Yves Ledoux Tsissa Nestor Denakpo Noudeke Roland Nankam Chimi Arouna Njayou Abdou Karim Issaka Youssao Mahamadou Dahouda Cyrille Boko Victorien Dougnon Julius Awah-Ndukum Farougou Souaibou |
| author_facet | Armelle Prudence Kouengoua Kouengoua Yves Ledoux Tsissa Nestor Denakpo Noudeke Roland Nankam Chimi Arouna Njayou Abdou Karim Issaka Youssao Mahamadou Dahouda Cyrille Boko Victorien Dougnon Julius Awah-Ndukum Farougou Souaibou |
| author_sort | Armelle Prudence Kouengoua Kouengoua |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a contagious and notifiable disease, which is prevalent in cattle populations of many countries and in several wildlife species worldwide. However, the role of wildlife in the transmission and/or maintenance of bTB at the human-wild animal-animal interface and the epidemiology of zoonotic disease are poorly understood in Cameroon, where many wildlife species exist. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and zoonotic risk factors of bTB at the cattle-wildlife-human interface in the South and East regions of Cameroon.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study from May to October 2022 in the southern region (Vallée du Ntem and Dja et Lobo) and eastern region (Haut Nyong and Lom et Djérem) of Cameroon to determine risk factors for bTB in Zebu Bororo, Goudali, Ndama, and Simmental cattle breeds. A comparative intradermal tuberculin testing (CIDT) was performed on 160 cattle randomly selected from herds using the threshold recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health. An interviewee-administered questionnaire was used to gather epidemiological data on sociodemographics, interaction between cattle and wildlife, and awareness of zoonotic tuberculosis (TB) from 90 cattle professionals. The prevalence of bTB at the herd level and associated risk factors were estimated using multiple logistic regression models.
Results: Based on the comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CIDT), the estimated prevalence of bTB in 160 cattle (Zebu Bororo, Goudali, Ndama, and Simmental) in South and East Cameroon was 6.8% (4.35%-9.41%) and 1.8% (0%-3.6%) for threshold values 3 mm and 4 mm, respectively. The prevalence obtained by simple intradermal tuberculin test (IDT) was 0.6% (0%-1.2%) for a threshold value 4 mm. Univariate analysis revealed three risk factors associated with bTB with significant odds ratios (OR; p = 0.05): herd size (OR = 4.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24-32.56); cattle aged>10 years (OR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.05-0.53); and victims of bTB organ seizure (OR = 0.015; 95% CI: 0.002-0.067). Multivariate analysis showed that being a cattle herder and contact between wildlife and livestock due to forage was significantly associated with bTB exposure (adjusted OR = 0.02; p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Bovine TB is prevalent in cattle of the South and East Cameroon. Comparative IDT of cattle reared in the epidemiological and environmental context of the study areas yielded better results at a threshold of 3 mm than at a threshold of 4 mm recommended by the World Health Organization. Factors associated with exposure to/appearance of bTB were high herd size, cattle aged >10 years old, seizures of tuberculous organs, shepherding as a profession, and contact between cattle and wildlife can be due to lack of forage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:36:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-00b18ca18211438c8d3ea69f56113b7a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:36:50Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary World |
| spelling | doaj.art-00b18ca18211438c8d3ea69f56113b7a2024-01-05T15:10:21ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162024-01-0117181610.14202/vetworld.2024.8-16Prevalence and zoonotic risk factors of Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in cattle at the cattle-wildlife-human interface in South and East CameroonArmelle Prudence Kouengoua Kouengoua0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9800-9235Yves Ledoux Tsissa1https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3726-7544Nestor Denakpo Noudeke2https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7076-9339Roland Nankam Chimi3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-9542Arouna Njayou4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7282-1188Abdou Karim Issaka Youssao5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9591-1664Mahamadou Dahouda6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6823-7675Cyrille Boko7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4282-596XVictorien Dougnon8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-7299Julius Awah-Ndukum9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-2641Farougou Souaibou10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-9542Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Universite des Montagnes Bangangte, Cameroun.Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Universite des Montagnes Bangangte, Cameroun.Research Unit on Transmissible Diseases-Ecole Poly Technique, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Universite des Montagnes Bangangte, Cameroun.Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.Research Unit on Transmissible Diseases-Ecole Poly Technique, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.Research Unit on Transmissible Diseases-Ecole Poly Technique, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.Research Unit on Transmissible Diseases-Ecole Poly Technique, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.Department of Animal Production Technology , College of Technology, University of Bamenda, Cameroon.Research Unit on Transmissible Diseases-Ecole Poly Technique, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.Background and Aim: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a contagious and notifiable disease, which is prevalent in cattle populations of many countries and in several wildlife species worldwide. However, the role of wildlife in the transmission and/or maintenance of bTB at the human-wild animal-animal interface and the epidemiology of zoonotic disease are poorly understood in Cameroon, where many wildlife species exist. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and zoonotic risk factors of bTB at the cattle-wildlife-human interface in the South and East regions of Cameroon. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study from May to October 2022 in the southern region (Vallée du Ntem and Dja et Lobo) and eastern region (Haut Nyong and Lom et Djérem) of Cameroon to determine risk factors for bTB in Zebu Bororo, Goudali, Ndama, and Simmental cattle breeds. A comparative intradermal tuberculin testing (CIDT) was performed on 160 cattle randomly selected from herds using the threshold recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health. An interviewee-administered questionnaire was used to gather epidemiological data on sociodemographics, interaction between cattle and wildlife, and awareness of zoonotic tuberculosis (TB) from 90 cattle professionals. The prevalence of bTB at the herd level and associated risk factors were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. Results: Based on the comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CIDT), the estimated prevalence of bTB in 160 cattle (Zebu Bororo, Goudali, Ndama, and Simmental) in South and East Cameroon was 6.8% (4.35%-9.41%) and 1.8% (0%-3.6%) for threshold values 3 mm and 4 mm, respectively. The prevalence obtained by simple intradermal tuberculin test (IDT) was 0.6% (0%-1.2%) for a threshold value 4 mm. Univariate analysis revealed three risk factors associated with bTB with significant odds ratios (OR; p = 0.05): herd size (OR = 4.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24-32.56); cattle aged>10 years (OR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.05-0.53); and victims of bTB organ seizure (OR = 0.015; 95% CI: 0.002-0.067). Multivariate analysis showed that being a cattle herder and contact between wildlife and livestock due to forage was significantly associated with bTB exposure (adjusted OR = 0.02; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Bovine TB is prevalent in cattle of the South and East Cameroon. Comparative IDT of cattle reared in the epidemiological and environmental context of the study areas yielded better results at a threshold of 3 mm than at a threshold of 4 mm recommended by the World Health Organization. Factors associated with exposure to/appearance of bTB were high herd size, cattle aged >10 years old, seizures of tuberculous organs, shepherding as a profession, and contact between cattle and wildlife can be due to lack of forage.https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.17/January-2024/2.pdfbovine tuberculosis prevalenceeast and south cameroonlivestock-wildlife-human interfacezoonotic risk factors |
| spellingShingle | Armelle Prudence Kouengoua Kouengoua Yves Ledoux Tsissa Nestor Denakpo Noudeke Roland Nankam Chimi Arouna Njayou Abdou Karim Issaka Youssao Mahamadou Dahouda Cyrille Boko Victorien Dougnon Julius Awah-Ndukum Farougou Souaibou Prevalence and zoonotic risk factors of Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in cattle at the cattle-wildlife-human interface in South and East Cameroon Veterinary World bovine tuberculosis prevalence east and south cameroon livestock-wildlife-human interface zoonotic risk factors |
| title | Prevalence and zoonotic risk factors of Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in cattle at the cattle-wildlife-human interface in South and East Cameroon |
| title_full | Prevalence and zoonotic risk factors of Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in cattle at the cattle-wildlife-human interface in South and East Cameroon |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and zoonotic risk factors of Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in cattle at the cattle-wildlife-human interface in South and East Cameroon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and zoonotic risk factors of Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in cattle at the cattle-wildlife-human interface in South and East Cameroon |
| title_short | Prevalence and zoonotic risk factors of Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in cattle at the cattle-wildlife-human interface in South and East Cameroon |
| title_sort | prevalence and zoonotic risk factors of mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in cattle at the cattle wildlife human interface in south and east cameroon |
| topic | bovine tuberculosis prevalence east and south cameroon livestock-wildlife-human interface zoonotic risk factors |
| url | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.17/January-2024/2.pdf |
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