Determinants of Antibody Response to a Third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Dose in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Results from the Prospective Cohort Study COVAC-Tx
Background: We studied factors related to humoral response in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients following a three-dose regimen of an mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Method: This was a prospective study of SOT recipients who received a third homologous dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) vacc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/4/565 |
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| author | Daniel Balsby Anna Christine Nilsson Sören Möller Susan Olaf Lindvig Jesper Rømhild Davidsen Rozeta Abazi Mikael Kjær Poulsen Inge Kristine Holden Ulrik Stenz Justesen Claus Bistrup Isik Somuncu Johansen |
| author_facet | Daniel Balsby Anna Christine Nilsson Sören Möller Susan Olaf Lindvig Jesper Rømhild Davidsen Rozeta Abazi Mikael Kjær Poulsen Inge Kristine Holden Ulrik Stenz Justesen Claus Bistrup Isik Somuncu Johansen |
| author_sort | Daniel Balsby |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: We studied factors related to humoral response in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients following a three-dose regimen of an mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Method: This was a prospective study of SOT recipients who received a third homologous dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) vaccine. The anti-spike S1 IgG response was measured using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (Abbott Laboratories) with a cut-off of 7.1 BAU/mL. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with humoral response. Results: In total, 395 SOT recipients were included. Anti-spike IgG was detected in 195/395 (49.4%) patients after the second dose and 261/335 (77.9%) patients after the third dose. The overall mean increase in antibody concentration after the third dose was 831.0 BAU/mL (95% confidence interval (CI) 687.4–974.5) and 159 (47.5%) participants had at least a 10-fold increase in antibody concentration after the third dose. The increase in antibody concentration was significantly higher among patients with detectable antibodies after the second dose than those without. Cumulative time from transplantation and liver recipients was positively associated with an antibody response, whereas older age, administration of prednisolone, and proliferation inhibitors were associated with diminished antibody response. Conclusion: Although the third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine improved humoral responses among SOT non-responders following the second dose, the overall response remained low, and 22.1% did not develop any response. Patients at risk of a diminished vaccine response require repeated booster doses and alternative treatment approaches. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:07:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-00b650ded50d41659de094c303677d9a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:07:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-00b650ded50d41659de094c303677d9a2023-12-03T14:03:35ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-04-0110456510.3390/vaccines10040565Determinants of Antibody Response to a Third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Dose in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Results from the Prospective Cohort Study COVAC-TxDaniel Balsby0Anna Christine Nilsson1Sören Möller2Susan Olaf Lindvig3Jesper Rømhild Davidsen4Rozeta Abazi5Mikael Kjær Poulsen6Inge Kristine Holden7Ulrik Stenz Justesen8Claus Bistrup9Isik Somuncu Johansen10Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, DenmarkBackground: We studied factors related to humoral response in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients following a three-dose regimen of an mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Method: This was a prospective study of SOT recipients who received a third homologous dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) vaccine. The anti-spike S1 IgG response was measured using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (Abbott Laboratories) with a cut-off of 7.1 BAU/mL. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with humoral response. Results: In total, 395 SOT recipients were included. Anti-spike IgG was detected in 195/395 (49.4%) patients after the second dose and 261/335 (77.9%) patients after the third dose. The overall mean increase in antibody concentration after the third dose was 831.0 BAU/mL (95% confidence interval (CI) 687.4–974.5) and 159 (47.5%) participants had at least a 10-fold increase in antibody concentration after the third dose. The increase in antibody concentration was significantly higher among patients with detectable antibodies after the second dose than those without. Cumulative time from transplantation and liver recipients was positively associated with an antibody response, whereas older age, administration of prednisolone, and proliferation inhibitors were associated with diminished antibody response. Conclusion: Although the third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine improved humoral responses among SOT non-responders following the second dose, the overall response remained low, and 22.1% did not develop any response. Patients at risk of a diminished vaccine response require repeated booster doses and alternative treatment approaches.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/4/565SOThumoral responsethird doseCOVID-19vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Balsby Anna Christine Nilsson Sören Möller Susan Olaf Lindvig Jesper Rømhild Davidsen Rozeta Abazi Mikael Kjær Poulsen Inge Kristine Holden Ulrik Stenz Justesen Claus Bistrup Isik Somuncu Johansen Determinants of Antibody Response to a Third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Dose in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Results from the Prospective Cohort Study COVAC-Tx Vaccines SOT humoral response third dose COVID-19 vaccine |
| title | Determinants of Antibody Response to a Third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Dose in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Results from the Prospective Cohort Study COVAC-Tx |
| title_full | Determinants of Antibody Response to a Third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Dose in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Results from the Prospective Cohort Study COVAC-Tx |
| title_fullStr | Determinants of Antibody Response to a Third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Dose in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Results from the Prospective Cohort Study COVAC-Tx |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determinants of Antibody Response to a Third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Dose in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Results from the Prospective Cohort Study COVAC-Tx |
| title_short | Determinants of Antibody Response to a Third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Dose in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Results from the Prospective Cohort Study COVAC-Tx |
| title_sort | determinants of antibody response to a third sars cov 2 mrna vaccine dose in solid organ transplant recipients results from the prospective cohort study covac tx |
| topic | SOT humoral response third dose COVID-19 vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/4/565 |
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