Precipitation kinetics of Cu-rich particles in super duplex stainless steels
Complex precipitation behavior of Cu-rich particles (CRPs) was investigated and simulated in continuously cooled and quench-aged super duplex stainless steel. Atom probe tomography (APT) and scanning electron microscopy showed that slow cooling resulted in nonuniform multimodal CRP precipitation and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785421011674 |
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| author | Vahid A. Hosseini Kjell Hurtig Daniel Gonzalez James Oliver Nicklas Folkeson Mattias Thuvander Kristina Lindgren Leif Karlsson |
| author_facet | Vahid A. Hosseini Kjell Hurtig Daniel Gonzalez James Oliver Nicklas Folkeson Mattias Thuvander Kristina Lindgren Leif Karlsson |
| author_sort | Vahid A. Hosseini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Complex precipitation behavior of Cu-rich particles (CRPs) was investigated and simulated in continuously cooled and quench-aged super duplex stainless steel. Atom probe tomography (APT) and scanning electron microscopy showed that slow cooling resulted in nonuniform multimodal CRP precipitation and spinodal decomposition, while in the fast cooled and quench-aged conditions, more uniform precipitation of CRPs with no visible spinodal decomposition was found. Depletion of Cu, Ni, and Mn was observed in the ferrite next to the CRPs during growth, but not during dissolution. Some evidence of Ostwald ripening was seen after slow cooling, but in the quench-aged condition, particle coalescence was observed. Large CRPs disappeared next to a ferrite–austenite phase boundary after slow cooling when Cu was depleted due to the diffusion to austenite as also predicted by moving boundary Dictra simulation. Comparing Cu depleted areas next to CRPs analyzed by APT and moving boundary Dictra simulation of CRP–ferrite showed that the effective Cu diffusion coefficient during the early-stage precipitation was about 300 times higher than the Cu diffusion coefficient in ferrite at 475 °C. Using the effective diffusion coefficient and a size-dependent interfacial energy equation, CRP size distribution was successfully predicted by the Langer–Schwartz model implemented in Thermo-Calc Prisma. Applying a short aging time and continuous cooling increased the hardness and decreased the toughness values compared to the solution annealed condition. A nonuniform distribution of Cu in ferrite, the duplex structure, and partitioning of alloying elements among different phases are factors making CRP precipitation in duplex stainless steels complex. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T00:43:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-00bfa2df34934827999336418254f6c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T00:43:21Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-00bfa2df34934827999336418254f6c12022-12-21T18:44:36ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542021-11-011539513964Precipitation kinetics of Cu-rich particles in super duplex stainless steelsVahid A. Hosseini0Kjell Hurtig1Daniel Gonzalez2James Oliver3Nicklas Folkeson4Mattias Thuvander5Kristina Lindgren6Leif Karlsson7Department of Engineering Science, University West, SE-461 86 Trollhättan, Sweden; Corresponding author.Department of Engineering Science, University West, SE-461 86 Trollhättan, SwedenBodycote, SE-735 23 Surahammar, SwedenOutokumpu Stainless AB, SE-774 41 Avesta, SwedenESAB AB, SE-417 55 Göteborg, SwedenDepartment of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Engineering Science, University West, SE-461 86 Trollhättan, SwedenComplex precipitation behavior of Cu-rich particles (CRPs) was investigated and simulated in continuously cooled and quench-aged super duplex stainless steel. Atom probe tomography (APT) and scanning electron microscopy showed that slow cooling resulted in nonuniform multimodal CRP precipitation and spinodal decomposition, while in the fast cooled and quench-aged conditions, more uniform precipitation of CRPs with no visible spinodal decomposition was found. Depletion of Cu, Ni, and Mn was observed in the ferrite next to the CRPs during growth, but not during dissolution. Some evidence of Ostwald ripening was seen after slow cooling, but in the quench-aged condition, particle coalescence was observed. Large CRPs disappeared next to a ferrite–austenite phase boundary after slow cooling when Cu was depleted due to the diffusion to austenite as also predicted by moving boundary Dictra simulation. Comparing Cu depleted areas next to CRPs analyzed by APT and moving boundary Dictra simulation of CRP–ferrite showed that the effective Cu diffusion coefficient during the early-stage precipitation was about 300 times higher than the Cu diffusion coefficient in ferrite at 475 °C. Using the effective diffusion coefficient and a size-dependent interfacial energy equation, CRP size distribution was successfully predicted by the Langer–Schwartz model implemented in Thermo-Calc Prisma. Applying a short aging time and continuous cooling increased the hardness and decreased the toughness values compared to the solution annealed condition. A nonuniform distribution of Cu in ferrite, the duplex structure, and partitioning of alloying elements among different phases are factors making CRP precipitation in duplex stainless steels complex.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785421011674Precipitation kineticsDuplex stainless steelsMoving phase boundary simulationAtom probe tomography |
| spellingShingle | Vahid A. Hosseini Kjell Hurtig Daniel Gonzalez James Oliver Nicklas Folkeson Mattias Thuvander Kristina Lindgren Leif Karlsson Precipitation kinetics of Cu-rich particles in super duplex stainless steels Journal of Materials Research and Technology Precipitation kinetics Duplex stainless steels Moving phase boundary simulation Atom probe tomography |
| title | Precipitation kinetics of Cu-rich particles in super duplex stainless steels |
| title_full | Precipitation kinetics of Cu-rich particles in super duplex stainless steels |
| title_fullStr | Precipitation kinetics of Cu-rich particles in super duplex stainless steels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Precipitation kinetics of Cu-rich particles in super duplex stainless steels |
| title_short | Precipitation kinetics of Cu-rich particles in super duplex stainless steels |
| title_sort | precipitation kinetics of cu rich particles in super duplex stainless steels |
| topic | Precipitation kinetics Duplex stainless steels Moving phase boundary simulation Atom probe tomography |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785421011674 |
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