| Summary: | Abstract Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease with a complex pathology. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the aberrant upregulation of miR-181b and ferroptosis in chondrocytes during the progression of OA. Methods An OA cell model was constructed with erastin. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer), bioinformatics, and dual-luciferase activity reports were used to investigate the effect of miR-181b on OA. Finally, a rat model of OA was induced by monosodium iodoacetate to verify that miR-181b inhibits SLC7A11 gene expression and increases ferroptosis. Results The results showed that Fer could effectively reverse the erastin-induced inhibition of human chondrocyte viability, increase the level of collagenous proteins in human chondrocytes, and inhibit oxidative stress and ferroptosis. MiR-181b is abnormally elevated in OA cell models. Transfection of a miR-181b inhibitor could increase the expression levels of the ferroptosis-related proteins solute carrier family 7 members 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), thereby inhibiting the occurrence of ferroptosis in chondrocytes. In addition, hsa-miR-181b-5p and SLC7A11 have a targeted regulatory effect. Transfection of SLC7A11 siRNA effectively abrogated the increase in chondrocyte viability induced by the miR-181 inhibitor and increased ferroptosis. Finally, miR-181b was shown to exacerbate OA disease progression by inhibiting SLC7A11 gene expression and increasing ferroptosis in a rat OA model. Conclusions Elevating miR-181b may mediate chondrocyte ferroptosis by targeting SLC7A11 in OA.
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