| Summary: | Net primary productivity (NPP), as an indicator of ecological functioning, plays an important role in regional and global carbon cycles. Although many studies have estimated the NPP of vegetation on the Qinghai Plateau (QP), the existing NPP datasets over the QP are either of low spatial resolution or limited-duration time-series. These shortcomings restrict our ability to explore the spatial distribution and long-term trends of NPP at a finer scale. To address this gap, we present a new monthly NPP dataset (QP_NPP30) at a high spatial resolution (30 m) over the QP for the period 1987–2021. We constructed this dataset using the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach (CASA) model and multisource data, including reconstructed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, reanalysis data, land cover, and other ancillary data. To reconstruct the NDVI, a harmonic regression model based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) was applied to the NDVI time series data. Statistical analysis of QP_NPP30 showed that the NPP in the QP has increased over the past 35 years (0.92 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$g C/m^{2}/yr$</tex-math></inline-formula>). Furthermore, we found that NPP is concentrated in June, July, and August, accounting for approximately 73% of the annual total. To validate our dataset, we compared it with measured NPP and with the MODIS NPP product (MOD-NPP). Our results demonstrated that QP_NPP30 has similar spatial patterns to MOD-NPP, but offers richer spatial detail. Specifically, QP_NPP30 has a higher accuracy than MOD-NPP, by comparing with the measured data (r = 0.695, RMSE = 132.823 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$g C/m^{2}/yr$</tex-math></inline-formula> for QP_NPP30; r = 0.328, RMSE = 158.586 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$g C/m^{2}/yr$</tex-math></inline-formula> for MOD-NPP).
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