Absolute and relative reliability of acute effects of aerobic exercise on executive function in seniors
Abstract Background Aging is accompanied by a decline of executive function. Aerobic exercise training induces moderate improvements of cognitive domains (i.e., attention, processing, executive function, memory) in seniors. Most conclusive data are obtained from studies with dementia or cognitive im...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2017-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Geriatrics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12877-017-0634-x |
| _version_ | 1818417982794104832 |
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| author | Lars Donath Sebastian Ludyga Daniel Hammes Anja Rossmeissl Nadin Andergassen Lukas Zahner Oliver Faude |
| author_facet | Lars Donath Sebastian Ludyga Daniel Hammes Anja Rossmeissl Nadin Andergassen Lukas Zahner Oliver Faude |
| author_sort | Lars Donath |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Aging is accompanied by a decline of executive function. Aerobic exercise training induces moderate improvements of cognitive domains (i.e., attention, processing, executive function, memory) in seniors. Most conclusive data are obtained from studies with dementia or cognitive impairment. Confident detection of exercise training effects requires adequate between-day reliability and low day-to-day variability obtained from acute studies, respectively. These absolute and relative reliability measures have not yet been examined for a single aerobic training session in seniors. Methods Twenty-two healthy and physically active seniors (age: 69 ± 3 y, BMI: 24.8 ± 2.2, VO2peak: 32 ± 6 mL/kg/bodyweight) were enrolled in this randomized controlled cross-over study. A repeated between-day comparison [i.e., day 1 (habituation) vs. day 2 & day 2 vs. day 3] of executive function testing (Eriksen-Flanker-Test, Stroop-Color-Test, Digit-Span, Five-Point-Test) before and after aerobic cycling exercise at 70% of the heart rate reserve [0.7 × (HRmax – HRrest)] was conducted. Reliability measures were calculated for pre, post and change scores. Results Large between-day differences between day 1 and 2 were found for reaction times (Flanker- and Stroop Color testing) and completed figures (Five-Point test) at pre and post testing (0.002 < p < 0.05, 0.16 < ɳp 2 < 0.38). These differences notably declined when comparing day 2 and 3. Absolute between days variability (CoV) dropped from 10 to 5% when comparing day 2 vs. day 3 instead of day 1 vs. day 2. Also ICC ranges increased from day 1 vs. day 2 (0.65 < ICC < 0.87) to day 2 vs. day 3 (0.40 < ICC < 0.93). Interestingly, reliability measures for pre-post change scores were low (0.02 < ICC < 0.71). These data did not improve when comparing day 2 with day 3. During inhibition tests, reaction times showed excellent reliability values compared to the poor to fair reliability of accuracy. Conclusion Notable habituation to the whole testing procedure should be considered as it increased the reliability of different executive function tests. Change scores of executive function after acute aerobic exercise cannot be detected reliably. Large intra- and inter-individual of responses to acute aerobic exercise in seniors can be presumed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T12:15:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-00c672276aa646b1a25be57017fb2312 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2318 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T12:15:26Z |
| publishDate | 2017-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Geriatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-00c672276aa646b1a25be57017fb23122022-12-21T23:01:37ZengBMCBMC Geriatrics1471-23182017-10-0117111210.1186/s12877-017-0634-xAbsolute and relative reliability of acute effects of aerobic exercise on executive function in seniorsLars Donath0Sebastian Ludyga1Daniel Hammes2Anja Rossmeissl3Nadin Andergassen4Lukas Zahner5Oliver Faude6Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of BaselDepartment of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of BaselDepartment of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of BaselDepartment of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of BaselDepartment of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of BaselDepartment of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of BaselDepartment of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of BaselAbstract Background Aging is accompanied by a decline of executive function. Aerobic exercise training induces moderate improvements of cognitive domains (i.e., attention, processing, executive function, memory) in seniors. Most conclusive data are obtained from studies with dementia or cognitive impairment. Confident detection of exercise training effects requires adequate between-day reliability and low day-to-day variability obtained from acute studies, respectively. These absolute and relative reliability measures have not yet been examined for a single aerobic training session in seniors. Methods Twenty-two healthy and physically active seniors (age: 69 ± 3 y, BMI: 24.8 ± 2.2, VO2peak: 32 ± 6 mL/kg/bodyweight) were enrolled in this randomized controlled cross-over study. A repeated between-day comparison [i.e., day 1 (habituation) vs. day 2 & day 2 vs. day 3] of executive function testing (Eriksen-Flanker-Test, Stroop-Color-Test, Digit-Span, Five-Point-Test) before and after aerobic cycling exercise at 70% of the heart rate reserve [0.7 × (HRmax – HRrest)] was conducted. Reliability measures were calculated for pre, post and change scores. Results Large between-day differences between day 1 and 2 were found for reaction times (Flanker- and Stroop Color testing) and completed figures (Five-Point test) at pre and post testing (0.002 < p < 0.05, 0.16 < ɳp 2 < 0.38). These differences notably declined when comparing day 2 and 3. Absolute between days variability (CoV) dropped from 10 to 5% when comparing day 2 vs. day 3 instead of day 1 vs. day 2. Also ICC ranges increased from day 1 vs. day 2 (0.65 < ICC < 0.87) to day 2 vs. day 3 (0.40 < ICC < 0.93). Interestingly, reliability measures for pre-post change scores were low (0.02 < ICC < 0.71). These data did not improve when comparing day 2 with day 3. During inhibition tests, reaction times showed excellent reliability values compared to the poor to fair reliability of accuracy. Conclusion Notable habituation to the whole testing procedure should be considered as it increased the reliability of different executive function tests. Change scores of executive function after acute aerobic exercise cannot be detected reliably. Large intra- and inter-individual of responses to acute aerobic exercise in seniors can be presumed.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12877-017-0634-xReproducibilityInstrumented climbing holdSEMCoVPiezoelectric force sensorsBouldering |
| spellingShingle | Lars Donath Sebastian Ludyga Daniel Hammes Anja Rossmeissl Nadin Andergassen Lukas Zahner Oliver Faude Absolute and relative reliability of acute effects of aerobic exercise on executive function in seniors BMC Geriatrics Reproducibility Instrumented climbing hold SEM CoV Piezoelectric force sensors Bouldering |
| title | Absolute and relative reliability of acute effects of aerobic exercise on executive function in seniors |
| title_full | Absolute and relative reliability of acute effects of aerobic exercise on executive function in seniors |
| title_fullStr | Absolute and relative reliability of acute effects of aerobic exercise on executive function in seniors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Absolute and relative reliability of acute effects of aerobic exercise on executive function in seniors |
| title_short | Absolute and relative reliability of acute effects of aerobic exercise on executive function in seniors |
| title_sort | absolute and relative reliability of acute effects of aerobic exercise on executive function in seniors |
| topic | Reproducibility Instrumented climbing hold SEM CoV Piezoelectric force sensors Bouldering |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12877-017-0634-x |
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