Saccharides Emissions from Biomass and Coal Burning in Northwest China and Their Application in Source Contribution Estimation
Saccharides are important tracers in aerosol source identification but results in different areas varied significantly. In this study, six saccharides (levoglucosan, arabitol, glucose, mannitol, inositol, and sucrose) were determined for their emission factors and diagnostic ratios from domestic com...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-06-01
|
| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/7/821 |
| _version_ | 1827688619365629952 |
|---|---|
| author | Kun He Jian Sun Xin Wang Bin Zhang Yue Zhang Renjian Zhang Zhenxing Shen |
| author_facet | Kun He Jian Sun Xin Wang Bin Zhang Yue Zhang Renjian Zhang Zhenxing Shen |
| author_sort | Kun He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Saccharides are important tracers in aerosol source identification but results in different areas varied significantly. In this study, six saccharides (levoglucosan, arabitol, glucose, mannitol, inositol, and sucrose) were determined for their emission factors and diagnostic ratios from domestic combustion of typical biomass and coal fuels in Northwest China. Three types of coal (i.e., anthracitic coal, bituminous coal, and briquettes) and five types of biomass (i.e., maize straw, wheat straw, corn cob, wood branches, and wood block) collected from regional rural areas were selected. Overall, the ranking of the fuel types in terms of the emission factor of particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) was coal < firewood fuel < straw fuel, with a range of 0.14–36.70 g/kg. Furthermore, the emission factor (e.g., organic carbon (OC) levels) of traditional stove-Heated Kang in the Guanzhong Plain differed significantly from that of wood stoves burning the same fuel, which is attributable to differences in the combustion conditions. The combined diagnostic ratios of levoglucosan (LG)/OC and arabitol/elemental carbon can be used to accurately distinguish the source contribution from coal and biomass combustion to atmospheric PM. Estimation of the biomass burning (BB) contribution to PM<sub>2.5</sub> had an uncertainty of −2.7% to 41.0% and overestimation of 9.9–28.2% when LG was used as the sole tracer, despite its widespread use in other studies; thus, these estimation methods are inadequate and require improvement. The results also revealed that specialized emission control and clean energy strategies are required for both residential BB and non-BB sources on a regional scale. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:00:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-00c6dc08483c4b179ac8d6452378fed7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:00:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-00c6dc08483c4b179ac8d6452378fed72023-11-22T01:57:46ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-06-0112782110.3390/atmos12070821Saccharides Emissions from Biomass and Coal Burning in Northwest China and Their Application in Source Contribution EstimationKun He0Jian Sun1Xin Wang2Bin Zhang3Yue Zhang4Renjian Zhang5Zhenxing Shen6Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaSchool of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USADepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaKey Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaSaccharides are important tracers in aerosol source identification but results in different areas varied significantly. In this study, six saccharides (levoglucosan, arabitol, glucose, mannitol, inositol, and sucrose) were determined for their emission factors and diagnostic ratios from domestic combustion of typical biomass and coal fuels in Northwest China. Three types of coal (i.e., anthracitic coal, bituminous coal, and briquettes) and five types of biomass (i.e., maize straw, wheat straw, corn cob, wood branches, and wood block) collected from regional rural areas were selected. Overall, the ranking of the fuel types in terms of the emission factor of particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) was coal < firewood fuel < straw fuel, with a range of 0.14–36.70 g/kg. Furthermore, the emission factor (e.g., organic carbon (OC) levels) of traditional stove-Heated Kang in the Guanzhong Plain differed significantly from that of wood stoves burning the same fuel, which is attributable to differences in the combustion conditions. The combined diagnostic ratios of levoglucosan (LG)/OC and arabitol/elemental carbon can be used to accurately distinguish the source contribution from coal and biomass combustion to atmospheric PM. Estimation of the biomass burning (BB) contribution to PM<sub>2.5</sub> had an uncertainty of −2.7% to 41.0% and overestimation of 9.9–28.2% when LG was used as the sole tracer, despite its widespread use in other studies; thus, these estimation methods are inadequate and require improvement. The results also revealed that specialized emission control and clean energy strategies are required for both residential BB and non-BB sources on a regional scale.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/7/821solid fuelssaccharidessource apportionmentcontribution bias |
| spellingShingle | Kun He Jian Sun Xin Wang Bin Zhang Yue Zhang Renjian Zhang Zhenxing Shen Saccharides Emissions from Biomass and Coal Burning in Northwest China and Their Application in Source Contribution Estimation Atmosphere solid fuels saccharides source apportionment contribution bias |
| title | Saccharides Emissions from Biomass and Coal Burning in Northwest China and Their Application in Source Contribution Estimation |
| title_full | Saccharides Emissions from Biomass and Coal Burning in Northwest China and Their Application in Source Contribution Estimation |
| title_fullStr | Saccharides Emissions from Biomass and Coal Burning in Northwest China and Their Application in Source Contribution Estimation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Saccharides Emissions from Biomass and Coal Burning in Northwest China and Their Application in Source Contribution Estimation |
| title_short | Saccharides Emissions from Biomass and Coal Burning in Northwest China and Their Application in Source Contribution Estimation |
| title_sort | saccharides emissions from biomass and coal burning in northwest china and their application in source contribution estimation |
| topic | solid fuels saccharides source apportionment contribution bias |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/7/821 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kunhe saccharidesemissionsfrombiomassandcoalburninginnorthwestchinaandtheirapplicationinsourcecontributionestimation AT jiansun saccharidesemissionsfrombiomassandcoalburninginnorthwestchinaandtheirapplicationinsourcecontributionestimation AT xinwang saccharidesemissionsfrombiomassandcoalburninginnorthwestchinaandtheirapplicationinsourcecontributionestimation AT binzhang saccharidesemissionsfrombiomassandcoalburninginnorthwestchinaandtheirapplicationinsourcecontributionestimation AT yuezhang saccharidesemissionsfrombiomassandcoalburninginnorthwestchinaandtheirapplicationinsourcecontributionestimation AT renjianzhang saccharidesemissionsfrombiomassandcoalburninginnorthwestchinaandtheirapplicationinsourcecontributionestimation AT zhenxingshen saccharidesemissionsfrombiomassandcoalburninginnorthwestchinaandtheirapplicationinsourcecontributionestimation |