Radiative Energy Budget for East Asia Based on GK-2A/AMI Observation Data
The incident and emitted radiative energy data for the top of the atmosphere (TOA) are essential in climate research. Since East Asia (11–61°N, 80–175°E) is complexly composed of land and ocean, real-time satellite data are used importantly for analyzing the detailed energy budget or climate charact...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/6/1558 |
| _version_ | 1797609176467243008 |
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| author | Il-Sung Zo Joon-Bum Jee Kyu-Tae Lee Kwon-Ho Lee Mi-Young Lee Yong-Soon Kwon |
| author_facet | Il-Sung Zo Joon-Bum Jee Kyu-Tae Lee Kwon-Ho Lee Mi-Young Lee Yong-Soon Kwon |
| author_sort | Il-Sung Zo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The incident and emitted radiative energy data for the top of the atmosphere (TOA) are essential in climate research. Since East Asia (11–61°N, 80–175°E) is complexly composed of land and ocean, real-time satellite data are used importantly for analyzing the detailed energy budget or climate characteristics of this region. Therefore, in this study, the radiative energy budget for East Asia, during the year 2021, was analyzed using GEO-KOMPSAT-2A/Advanced Metrological Imager (GK-2A/AMI) and the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA5) data. The results showed that the net fluxes for the TOA and surface were −4.09 W·m<sup>−2</sup> and −8.24 W·m<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. Thus, the net flux difference of 4.15 W·m<sup>−2</sup> between TOA and surface implied atmospheric warming. These results, produced by GK-2A/AMI, were well-matched with the ERA5 data. However, they varied with surface characteristics; the atmosphere over ocean areas warmed because of the large amounts of longwave radiation emitted from surfaces, while the atmosphere over the plain area was relatively balanced and the atmosphere over the mountain area was cooled because large amount of longwave radiation was emitted to space. Although the GK2A/AMI radiative products used for this study have not yet been sufficiently compared with surface observation data, and the period of data used was only one year, they were highly correlated with the CERES (Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System of USA), HIMAWARI/AHI (Geostationary Satellite of Japan), and ERA5 data. Therefore, if more GK-2A/AMI data are accumulated and analyzed, it could be used for the analysis of radiant energy budget and climate research for East Asia, and it will be an opportunity to greatly increase the utilization of total meteorological products of 52 types, including radiative products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:56:52Z |
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| id | doaj.art-00d9d66e8c234fe0a3d9db7100af7f88 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:56:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-00d9d66e8c234fe0a3d9db7100af7f882023-11-17T13:38:46ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-03-01156155810.3390/rs15061558Radiative Energy Budget for East Asia Based on GK-2A/AMI Observation DataIl-Sung Zo0Joon-Bum Jee1Kyu-Tae Lee2Kwon-Ho Lee3Mi-Young Lee4Yong-Soon Kwon5Research Institute for Radiation-Satellite, Gangneung-Wonju National University (GWNU), Gangneung, 7, Jukheon-gil, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon, Republic of KoreaResearch Center for Atmosphere and Environment, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (HUFS), 81, Oaedae-ro, Yonginm 17035, Gyeonggi, Republic of KoreaResearch Institute for Radiation-Satellite, Gangneung-Wonju National University (GWNU), Gangneung, 7, Jukheon-gil, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon, Republic of KoreaResearch Institute for Radiation-Satellite, Gangneung-Wonju National University (GWNU), Gangneung, 7, Jukheon-gil, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon, Republic of KoreaResearch Institute for Radiation-Satellite, Gangneung-Wonju National University (GWNU), Gangneung, 7, Jukheon-gil, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon, Republic of KoreaResearch Institute for Radiation-Satellite, Gangneung-Wonju National University (GWNU), Gangneung, 7, Jukheon-gil, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon, Republic of KoreaThe incident and emitted radiative energy data for the top of the atmosphere (TOA) are essential in climate research. Since East Asia (11–61°N, 80–175°E) is complexly composed of land and ocean, real-time satellite data are used importantly for analyzing the detailed energy budget or climate characteristics of this region. Therefore, in this study, the radiative energy budget for East Asia, during the year 2021, was analyzed using GEO-KOMPSAT-2A/Advanced Metrological Imager (GK-2A/AMI) and the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA5) data. The results showed that the net fluxes for the TOA and surface were −4.09 W·m<sup>−2</sup> and −8.24 W·m<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. Thus, the net flux difference of 4.15 W·m<sup>−2</sup> between TOA and surface implied atmospheric warming. These results, produced by GK-2A/AMI, were well-matched with the ERA5 data. However, they varied with surface characteristics; the atmosphere over ocean areas warmed because of the large amounts of longwave radiation emitted from surfaces, while the atmosphere over the plain area was relatively balanced and the atmosphere over the mountain area was cooled because large amount of longwave radiation was emitted to space. Although the GK2A/AMI radiative products used for this study have not yet been sufficiently compared with surface observation data, and the period of data used was only one year, they were highly correlated with the CERES (Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System of USA), HIMAWARI/AHI (Geostationary Satellite of Japan), and ERA5 data. Therefore, if more GK-2A/AMI data are accumulated and analyzed, it could be used for the analysis of radiant energy budget and climate research for East Asia, and it will be an opportunity to greatly increase the utilization of total meteorological products of 52 types, including radiative products.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/6/1558radiative energy budgetEast AsiaGeo-KOMPSAT-2Ageostationary-Korean multi-purpose satellite-2AGK-2A/AMIERA5 |
| spellingShingle | Il-Sung Zo Joon-Bum Jee Kyu-Tae Lee Kwon-Ho Lee Mi-Young Lee Yong-Soon Kwon Radiative Energy Budget for East Asia Based on GK-2A/AMI Observation Data Remote Sensing radiative energy budget East Asia Geo-KOMPSAT-2A geostationary-Korean multi-purpose satellite-2A GK-2A/AMI ERA5 |
| title | Radiative Energy Budget for East Asia Based on GK-2A/AMI Observation Data |
| title_full | Radiative Energy Budget for East Asia Based on GK-2A/AMI Observation Data |
| title_fullStr | Radiative Energy Budget for East Asia Based on GK-2A/AMI Observation Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Radiative Energy Budget for East Asia Based on GK-2A/AMI Observation Data |
| title_short | Radiative Energy Budget for East Asia Based on GK-2A/AMI Observation Data |
| title_sort | radiative energy budget for east asia based on gk 2a ami observation data |
| topic | radiative energy budget East Asia Geo-KOMPSAT-2A geostationary-Korean multi-purpose satellite-2A GK-2A/AMI ERA5 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/6/1558 |
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