The Role of NKG2D and Its Ligands in Autoimmune Diseases: New Targets for Immunotherapy
Natural killer (NK) cells and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells can clear infected and transformed cells and generate tolerance to themselves, which also prevents autoimmune diseases. Natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) is an important activating immune receptor that is expressed on NK cells,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/24/17545 |
| _version_ | 1797380657803952128 |
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| author | Leiyan Wei Zhiqing Xiang Yizhou Zou |
| author_facet | Leiyan Wei Zhiqing Xiang Yizhou Zou |
| author_sort | Leiyan Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Natural killer (NK) cells and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells can clear infected and transformed cells and generate tolerance to themselves, which also prevents autoimmune diseases. Natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) is an important activating immune receptor that is expressed on NK cells, CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, γδ T cells, and a very small percentage of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. In contrast, the NKG2D ligand (NKG2D-L) is generally not expressed on normal cells but is overexpressed under stress. Thus, the inappropriate expression of NKG2D-L leads to the activation of self-reactive effector cells, which can trigger or exacerbate autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss the role of NKG2D and NKG2D-L in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), type I diabetes (T1DM), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and celiac disease (CeD). The data suggest that NKG2D and NKG2D-L play a pathogenic role in some autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the development of strategies to block the interaction of NKG2D and NKG2D-L may have therapeutic effects in some autoimmune diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:40:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-00dcec102b0840bda0a8c65593f75c5c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:40:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-00dcec102b0840bda0a8c65593f75c5c2023-12-22T14:15:04ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-12-0124241754510.3390/ijms242417545The Role of NKG2D and Its Ligands in Autoimmune Diseases: New Targets for ImmunotherapyLeiyan Wei0Zhiqing Xiang1Yizhou Zou2Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaDepartment of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaDepartment of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaNatural killer (NK) cells and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells can clear infected and transformed cells and generate tolerance to themselves, which also prevents autoimmune diseases. Natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) is an important activating immune receptor that is expressed on NK cells, CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, γδ T cells, and a very small percentage of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. In contrast, the NKG2D ligand (NKG2D-L) is generally not expressed on normal cells but is overexpressed under stress. Thus, the inappropriate expression of NKG2D-L leads to the activation of self-reactive effector cells, which can trigger or exacerbate autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss the role of NKG2D and NKG2D-L in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), type I diabetes (T1DM), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and celiac disease (CeD). The data suggest that NKG2D and NKG2D-L play a pathogenic role in some autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the development of strategies to block the interaction of NKG2D and NKG2D-L may have therapeutic effects in some autoimmune diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/24/17545autoimmune diseasenatural killer group 2 member Drheumatoid arthritismultiple sclerosisinflammatory bowel diseaseceliac disease |
| spellingShingle | Leiyan Wei Zhiqing Xiang Yizhou Zou The Role of NKG2D and Its Ligands in Autoimmune Diseases: New Targets for Immunotherapy International Journal of Molecular Sciences autoimmune disease natural killer group 2 member D rheumatoid arthritis multiple sclerosis inflammatory bowel disease celiac disease |
| title | The Role of NKG2D and Its Ligands in Autoimmune Diseases: New Targets for Immunotherapy |
| title_full | The Role of NKG2D and Its Ligands in Autoimmune Diseases: New Targets for Immunotherapy |
| title_fullStr | The Role of NKG2D and Its Ligands in Autoimmune Diseases: New Targets for Immunotherapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of NKG2D and Its Ligands in Autoimmune Diseases: New Targets for Immunotherapy |
| title_short | The Role of NKG2D and Its Ligands in Autoimmune Diseases: New Targets for Immunotherapy |
| title_sort | role of nkg2d and its ligands in autoimmune diseases new targets for immunotherapy |
| topic | autoimmune disease natural killer group 2 member D rheumatoid arthritis multiple sclerosis inflammatory bowel disease celiac disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/24/17545 |
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