Effect of Vitamin D Supplement on Vulvovaginal Atrophy of the Menopause
The effects of oral vitamin D supplements on vaginal health in postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) was evaluated. A double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted for 12 weeks to investigate changes on vaginal maturation index (VMI), vaginal pH, and the visual ana...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-09-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/9/2876 |
| _version_ | 1797553074567380992 |
|---|---|
| author | Thawinee Kamronrithisorn Jittima Manonai Sakda Arj-Ong Vallibhakara Areepan Sophonsritsuk Orawin Vallibhakara |
| author_facet | Thawinee Kamronrithisorn Jittima Manonai Sakda Arj-Ong Vallibhakara Areepan Sophonsritsuk Orawin Vallibhakara |
| author_sort | Thawinee Kamronrithisorn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effects of oral vitamin D supplements on vaginal health in postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) was evaluated. A double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted for 12 weeks to investigate changes on vaginal maturation index (VMI), vaginal pH, and the visual analog scale (VAS) of VVA symptoms. The vitamin D group received oral ergocalciferol, at 40,000 IU per week, while the placebo group received an identical placebo capsule. Eighty postmenopausal women were enrolled. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between both groups. In an intention-to-treat analysis, VMI, vaginal pH, and VAS of VVA symptoms showed no significant differences between both groups at the six and 12 weeks. However, the mean difference of VMI in the vitamin D group between baseline and at six weeks showed significant improvement (5.5 + 16.27, <i>p</i> <0.05). Moreover, the mean vaginal pH and VAS of VVA patients in the vitamin D group were significantly improved at both six and 12 weeks compared to baseline. The oral vitamin D supplementation for 12 weeks potentially improves vaginal health outcomes in postmenopausal women with VVA symptoms, demonstrated by the improved mean VMI, vaginal pH, and VAS at six and 12 weeks between baseline, however, no significant differences were observed from the placebo treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:11:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-00ebc41407284eadbec57b7fe877be41 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:11:13Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-00ebc41407284eadbec57b7fe877be412023-11-20T14:26:22ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-09-01129287610.3390/nu12092876Effect of Vitamin D Supplement on Vulvovaginal Atrophy of the MenopauseThawinee Kamronrithisorn0Jittima Manonai1Sakda Arj-Ong Vallibhakara2Areepan Sophonsritsuk3Orawin Vallibhakara4Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandFemale Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, ThailandReproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandReproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandThe effects of oral vitamin D supplements on vaginal health in postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) was evaluated. A double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted for 12 weeks to investigate changes on vaginal maturation index (VMI), vaginal pH, and the visual analog scale (VAS) of VVA symptoms. The vitamin D group received oral ergocalciferol, at 40,000 IU per week, while the placebo group received an identical placebo capsule. Eighty postmenopausal women were enrolled. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between both groups. In an intention-to-treat analysis, VMI, vaginal pH, and VAS of VVA symptoms showed no significant differences between both groups at the six and 12 weeks. However, the mean difference of VMI in the vitamin D group between baseline and at six weeks showed significant improvement (5.5 + 16.27, <i>p</i> <0.05). Moreover, the mean vaginal pH and VAS of VVA patients in the vitamin D group were significantly improved at both six and 12 weeks compared to baseline. The oral vitamin D supplementation for 12 weeks potentially improves vaginal health outcomes in postmenopausal women with VVA symptoms, demonstrated by the improved mean VMI, vaginal pH, and VAS at six and 12 weeks between baseline, however, no significant differences were observed from the placebo treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/9/2876vulvovaginal atrophyVVAvaginal maturation indexVMIvaginal healthvitamin D |
| spellingShingle | Thawinee Kamronrithisorn Jittima Manonai Sakda Arj-Ong Vallibhakara Areepan Sophonsritsuk Orawin Vallibhakara Effect of Vitamin D Supplement on Vulvovaginal Atrophy of the Menopause Nutrients vulvovaginal atrophy VVA vaginal maturation index VMI vaginal health vitamin D |
| title | Effect of Vitamin D Supplement on Vulvovaginal Atrophy of the Menopause |
| title_full | Effect of Vitamin D Supplement on Vulvovaginal Atrophy of the Menopause |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Vitamin D Supplement on Vulvovaginal Atrophy of the Menopause |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Vitamin D Supplement on Vulvovaginal Atrophy of the Menopause |
| title_short | Effect of Vitamin D Supplement on Vulvovaginal Atrophy of the Menopause |
| title_sort | effect of vitamin d supplement on vulvovaginal atrophy of the menopause |
| topic | vulvovaginal atrophy VVA vaginal maturation index VMI vaginal health vitamin D |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/9/2876 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thawineekamronrithisorn effectofvitamindsupplementonvulvovaginalatrophyofthemenopause AT jittimamanonai effectofvitamindsupplementonvulvovaginalatrophyofthemenopause AT sakdaarjongvallibhakara effectofvitamindsupplementonvulvovaginalatrophyofthemenopause AT areepansophonsritsuk effectofvitamindsupplementonvulvovaginalatrophyofthemenopause AT orawinvallibhakara effectofvitamindsupplementonvulvovaginalatrophyofthemenopause |