Competitive Interactions of Flowering Rush (<i>Butomus umbellatus</i> L.) Cytotypes in Submersed and Emergent Experimental Aquatic Plant Communities
The ability to invade communities in a variety of habitats (e.g., along a depth gradient) may facilitate establishment and spread of invasive plants, but how multiple lineages of a species perform under varying conditions is understudied. A series of greenhouse common garden experiments were conduct...
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/12/1/40 |
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| author | Nathan E. Harms |
| author_facet | Nathan E. Harms |
| author_sort | Nathan E. Harms |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ability to invade communities in a variety of habitats (e.g., along a depth gradient) may facilitate establishment and spread of invasive plants, but how multiple lineages of a species perform under varying conditions is understudied. A series of greenhouse common garden experiments were conducted in which six diploid and four triploid populations of the aquatic invasive plant <i>Butomus umbellatus</i> L. (Butomaceae) were grown in submersed or emergent conditions, in monoculture or in a multispecies community, to compare establishment and productivity of cytotypes under competition. Diploid biomass overall was 12 times higher than triploids in the submersed experiment and three times higher in the emergent experiment. Diploid shoot:root ratio was double that of triploid plants in submersed conditions overall, and double in emergent conditions in monoculture. Relative interaction intensities (RII) indicated that triploid plants were sixteen times more negatively impacted by competition under submersed conditions but diploid plants were twice as impacted under emergent conditions. Recipient communities were similarly negatively impacted by <i>B. umbellatus</i> cytotypes. This study supports the idea that diploid and triploid <i>B. umbellatus</i> plants are equally capable of invading emergent communities, but that diploid plants may be better adapted for invading in submersed habitats. However, consistently lower shoot:root ratios in both monoculture and in communities suggests that triploid plants may be better-adapted competitors in the long term due to increased resource allocation to roots. This represents the first examination into the role of cytotype and habitat on competitive interactions of <i>B. umbellatus</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:19:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-00f8ea32eafc4dd59b07c6117a01cfb0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-2818 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:19:43Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Diversity |
| spelling | doaj.art-00f8ea32eafc4dd59b07c6117a01cfb02022-12-22T04:00:14ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182020-01-011214010.3390/d12010040d12010040Competitive Interactions of Flowering Rush (<i>Butomus umbellatus</i> L.) Cytotypes in Submersed and Emergent Experimental Aquatic Plant CommunitiesNathan E. Harms0US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Aquatic Ecology and Invasive Species Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199, USAThe ability to invade communities in a variety of habitats (e.g., along a depth gradient) may facilitate establishment and spread of invasive plants, but how multiple lineages of a species perform under varying conditions is understudied. A series of greenhouse common garden experiments were conducted in which six diploid and four triploid populations of the aquatic invasive plant <i>Butomus umbellatus</i> L. (Butomaceae) were grown in submersed or emergent conditions, in monoculture or in a multispecies community, to compare establishment and productivity of cytotypes under competition. Diploid biomass overall was 12 times higher than triploids in the submersed experiment and three times higher in the emergent experiment. Diploid shoot:root ratio was double that of triploid plants in submersed conditions overall, and double in emergent conditions in monoculture. Relative interaction intensities (RII) indicated that triploid plants were sixteen times more negatively impacted by competition under submersed conditions but diploid plants were twice as impacted under emergent conditions. Recipient communities were similarly negatively impacted by <i>B. umbellatus</i> cytotypes. This study supports the idea that diploid and triploid <i>B. umbellatus</i> plants are equally capable of invading emergent communities, but that diploid plants may be better adapted for invading in submersed habitats. However, consistently lower shoot:root ratios in both monoculture and in communities suggests that triploid plants may be better-adapted competitors in the long term due to increased resource allocation to roots. This represents the first examination into the role of cytotype and habitat on competitive interactions of <i>B. umbellatus</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/12/1/40phenotypic plasticityinterspecific competitionplant invasionhabitat heterogeneitygenetic variation |
| spellingShingle | Nathan E. Harms Competitive Interactions of Flowering Rush (<i>Butomus umbellatus</i> L.) Cytotypes in Submersed and Emergent Experimental Aquatic Plant Communities Diversity phenotypic plasticity interspecific competition plant invasion habitat heterogeneity genetic variation |
| title | Competitive Interactions of Flowering Rush (<i>Butomus umbellatus</i> L.) Cytotypes in Submersed and Emergent Experimental Aquatic Plant Communities |
| title_full | Competitive Interactions of Flowering Rush (<i>Butomus umbellatus</i> L.) Cytotypes in Submersed and Emergent Experimental Aquatic Plant Communities |
| title_fullStr | Competitive Interactions of Flowering Rush (<i>Butomus umbellatus</i> L.) Cytotypes in Submersed and Emergent Experimental Aquatic Plant Communities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Competitive Interactions of Flowering Rush (<i>Butomus umbellatus</i> L.) Cytotypes in Submersed and Emergent Experimental Aquatic Plant Communities |
| title_short | Competitive Interactions of Flowering Rush (<i>Butomus umbellatus</i> L.) Cytotypes in Submersed and Emergent Experimental Aquatic Plant Communities |
| title_sort | competitive interactions of flowering rush i butomus umbellatus i l cytotypes in submersed and emergent experimental aquatic plant communities |
| topic | phenotypic plasticity interspecific competition plant invasion habitat heterogeneity genetic variation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/12/1/40 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nathaneharms competitiveinteractionsoffloweringrushibutomusumbellatusilcytotypesinsubmersedandemergentexperimentalaquaticplantcommunities |