COVID‐19, Social Determinants of Health, and Opportunities for Preventing Cardiovascular Disease: A Conceptual Framework
The COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted the social, economic, and health care systems in the United States and shined a spotlight on the burden of disease associated with social determinants of health (SDOH). Addressing SDOH, while a challenge, provides important opportunities to mitigate cardiovascular...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.121.022721 |
| _version_ | 1797945370025656320 |
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| author | Rienna G. Russo Yan Li Lan N. Ðoàn Shahmir H. Ali David Siscovick Simona C. Kwon Stella S. Yi |
| author_facet | Rienna G. Russo Yan Li Lan N. Ðoàn Shahmir H. Ali David Siscovick Simona C. Kwon Stella S. Yi |
| author_sort | Rienna G. Russo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted the social, economic, and health care systems in the United States and shined a spotlight on the burden of disease associated with social determinants of health (SDOH). Addressing SDOH, while a challenge, provides important opportunities to mitigate cardiovascular disease incidence, morbidity, and mortality. We present a conceptual framework to examine the differential effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on SDOH across demographically diverse populations, focusing on the short‐ and long‐term development of cardiovascular disease, as well as future research opportunities for cardiovascular disease prevention. The COVID‐19 pandemic exerted negative shifts in SDOH and cardiovascular risk factors (ie, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, dietary behavior, cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar). For example, evidence suggests that unemployment and food insecurity have increased, whereas health care access and income have decreased; changes to SDOH have resulted in increases in loneliness and processed food consumption, as well as decreases in physical activity and hypertension management. We found that policy measures enacted to mitigate economic, social, and health issues inadequately protected populations. Low‐income and racial and ethnic minority communities, historically underserved populations, were not only disproportionately adversely affected by the pandemic but also less likely to receive assistance, likely attributable in part to the deep structural inequities pervasive in our society. Effective and culturally appropriate interventions are needed to mitigate the negative health impacts of historical systems, policies, and programs that created and maintain structural racism, especially for immigrants, racial and ethnic minorities, and populations experiencing social disadvantage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:54:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-00fdd15b93434e4aa051fa7f1a70e641 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2047-9980 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:54:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-00fdd15b93434e4aa051fa7f1a70e6412023-01-23T07:23:59ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802021-12-01102410.1161/JAHA.121.022721COVID‐19, Social Determinants of Health, and Opportunities for Preventing Cardiovascular Disease: A Conceptual FrameworkRienna G. Russo0Yan Li1Lan N. Ðoàn2Shahmir H. Ali3David Siscovick4Simona C. Kwon5Stella S. Yi6Department of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York NYDepartment of Population Health Science and Policy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NYDepartment of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York NYDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences NYU School of Global Public Health New York NYThe New York Academy of Medicine New York NYDepartment of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York NYDepartment of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York NYThe COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted the social, economic, and health care systems in the United States and shined a spotlight on the burden of disease associated with social determinants of health (SDOH). Addressing SDOH, while a challenge, provides important opportunities to mitigate cardiovascular disease incidence, morbidity, and mortality. We present a conceptual framework to examine the differential effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on SDOH across demographically diverse populations, focusing on the short‐ and long‐term development of cardiovascular disease, as well as future research opportunities for cardiovascular disease prevention. The COVID‐19 pandemic exerted negative shifts in SDOH and cardiovascular risk factors (ie, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, dietary behavior, cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar). For example, evidence suggests that unemployment and food insecurity have increased, whereas health care access and income have decreased; changes to SDOH have resulted in increases in loneliness and processed food consumption, as well as decreases in physical activity and hypertension management. We found that policy measures enacted to mitigate economic, social, and health issues inadequately protected populations. Low‐income and racial and ethnic minority communities, historically underserved populations, were not only disproportionately adversely affected by the pandemic but also less likely to receive assistance, likely attributable in part to the deep structural inequities pervasive in our society. Effective and culturally appropriate interventions are needed to mitigate the negative health impacts of historical systems, policies, and programs that created and maintain structural racism, especially for immigrants, racial and ethnic minorities, and populations experiencing social disadvantage.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.121.022721cardiovascular diseaseCOVID‐19 pandemichealth disparitiessocial determinants of health |
| spellingShingle | Rienna G. Russo Yan Li Lan N. Ðoàn Shahmir H. Ali David Siscovick Simona C. Kwon Stella S. Yi COVID‐19, Social Determinants of Health, and Opportunities for Preventing Cardiovascular Disease: A Conceptual Framework Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease cardiovascular disease COVID‐19 pandemic health disparities social determinants of health |
| title | COVID‐19, Social Determinants of Health, and Opportunities for Preventing Cardiovascular Disease: A Conceptual Framework |
| title_full | COVID‐19, Social Determinants of Health, and Opportunities for Preventing Cardiovascular Disease: A Conceptual Framework |
| title_fullStr | COVID‐19, Social Determinants of Health, and Opportunities for Preventing Cardiovascular Disease: A Conceptual Framework |
| title_full_unstemmed | COVID‐19, Social Determinants of Health, and Opportunities for Preventing Cardiovascular Disease: A Conceptual Framework |
| title_short | COVID‐19, Social Determinants of Health, and Opportunities for Preventing Cardiovascular Disease: A Conceptual Framework |
| title_sort | covid 19 social determinants of health and opportunities for preventing cardiovascular disease a conceptual framework |
| topic | cardiovascular disease COVID‐19 pandemic health disparities social determinants of health |
| url | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.121.022721 |
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