A new feed additive composed of urea and soluble carbohydrate coated with wax for controlled release in ruminal fluid
Abstract Urea is a compound widely used as a feed additive for ruminants; however, when used profusely, it can lead animals to intoxication. Another factor that affects the effectiveness of urea is the lack of synchronization between the nitrogen and the availability of carbohydrates, necessary for...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08372-0 |
| _version_ | 1818445959677345792 |
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| author | Alexandre Guimarães Inácio Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo Alexandre Menezes Dias Gelson dos Santos Difante Joice Ferreira de Queiroz Lincoln Carlos Silva de Oliveira Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo |
| author_facet | Alexandre Guimarães Inácio Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo Alexandre Menezes Dias Gelson dos Santos Difante Joice Ferreira de Queiroz Lincoln Carlos Silva de Oliveira Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo |
| author_sort | Alexandre Guimarães Inácio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Urea is a compound widely used as a feed additive for ruminants; however, when used profusely, it can lead animals to intoxication. Another factor that affects the effectiveness of urea is the lack of synchronization between the nitrogen and the availability of carbohydrates, necessary for better development of the ruminal microbiota. In order to circumvent these problems and improve the efficiency in urea use, the present study developed two new nutritional additives (F16 and F17) with different carbohydrate sources. One of the products developed (F16) used sugarcane molasses as a carbohydrate source, while the other (F17) used cassava starch. In addition to the carbohydrate source, both products contained the same amounts of urea, sulfur, calcium carbonate and were coated with carnauba wax. The supplements developed and two other commercial products based on extruded urea (UE) and polymer-coated urea (UP) were tested for solubility and cumulative gas production. The wax used in the coating process of the developed products (F16 and F17) proved to be efficient in reducing the solubility of the ingredients used. During chemical composition analysis it was verified that both supplements developed contained protein equivalent above 150% of crude protein. The cumulative gas production showed a higher production related to the product F17 (p < 0.05). Through thermogravimetric analysis, it was found the chemical integrity of the ingredients that make up the supplements developed. Therefore, is possible to reduce the solubility of urea using carnauba wax as a coating material. The formula with cassava starch associated with urea (F17) had a better synchronization during the degradation of its ingredients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T19:40:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-010bc418a9dd42aebc5ac27dcb0ed46b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T19:40:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-010bc418a9dd42aebc5ac27dcb0ed46b2022-12-21T22:49:44ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-03-0112111010.1038/s41598-022-08372-0A new feed additive composed of urea and soluble carbohydrate coated with wax for controlled release in ruminal fluidAlexandre Guimarães Inácio0Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo1Alexandre Menezes Dias2Gelson dos Santos Difante3Joice Ferreira de Queiroz4Lincoln Carlos Silva de Oliveira5Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos6Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo7Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do SulFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do SulFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do SulFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do SulChemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do SulChemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do SulFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do SulFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do SulAbstract Urea is a compound widely used as a feed additive for ruminants; however, when used profusely, it can lead animals to intoxication. Another factor that affects the effectiveness of urea is the lack of synchronization between the nitrogen and the availability of carbohydrates, necessary for better development of the ruminal microbiota. In order to circumvent these problems and improve the efficiency in urea use, the present study developed two new nutritional additives (F16 and F17) with different carbohydrate sources. One of the products developed (F16) used sugarcane molasses as a carbohydrate source, while the other (F17) used cassava starch. In addition to the carbohydrate source, both products contained the same amounts of urea, sulfur, calcium carbonate and were coated with carnauba wax. The supplements developed and two other commercial products based on extruded urea (UE) and polymer-coated urea (UP) were tested for solubility and cumulative gas production. The wax used in the coating process of the developed products (F16 and F17) proved to be efficient in reducing the solubility of the ingredients used. During chemical composition analysis it was verified that both supplements developed contained protein equivalent above 150% of crude protein. The cumulative gas production showed a higher production related to the product F17 (p < 0.05). Through thermogravimetric analysis, it was found the chemical integrity of the ingredients that make up the supplements developed. Therefore, is possible to reduce the solubility of urea using carnauba wax as a coating material. The formula with cassava starch associated with urea (F17) had a better synchronization during the degradation of its ingredients.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08372-0 |
| spellingShingle | Alexandre Guimarães Inácio Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo Alexandre Menezes Dias Gelson dos Santos Difante Joice Ferreira de Queiroz Lincoln Carlos Silva de Oliveira Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo A new feed additive composed of urea and soluble carbohydrate coated with wax for controlled release in ruminal fluid Scientific Reports |
| title | A new feed additive composed of urea and soluble carbohydrate coated with wax for controlled release in ruminal fluid |
| title_full | A new feed additive composed of urea and soluble carbohydrate coated with wax for controlled release in ruminal fluid |
| title_fullStr | A new feed additive composed of urea and soluble carbohydrate coated with wax for controlled release in ruminal fluid |
| title_full_unstemmed | A new feed additive composed of urea and soluble carbohydrate coated with wax for controlled release in ruminal fluid |
| title_short | A new feed additive composed of urea and soluble carbohydrate coated with wax for controlled release in ruminal fluid |
| title_sort | new feed additive composed of urea and soluble carbohydrate coated with wax for controlled release in ruminal fluid |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08372-0 |
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