The effect of swaddling on infant sleep and arousal: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
BackgroundWestern parents swaddle infants to promote sleep and reduce night-waking, however recent evidence of the effects of swaddling on the sleep of healthy infants has not been systematically reviewed.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of swaddling on the sleep of infants up to 1 year of age usi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2022.1000180/full |
| _version_ | 1811211144567717888 |
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| author | Allison Dixley Helen L. Ball |
| author_facet | Allison Dixley Helen L. Ball |
| author_sort | Allison Dixley |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundWestern parents swaddle infants to promote sleep and reduce night-waking, however recent evidence of the effects of swaddling on the sleep of healthy infants has not been systematically reviewed.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of swaddling on the sleep of infants up to 1 year of age using a narrative synthesis approach.Data SourcesWe systematically searched five academic databases, including the Cochrane trial registry (Pubmed, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane library, and Blackwell Synergy). We manually searched reference lists and citations of included studies and reference lists of existing reviews.Study SelectionStudies of any type, published since 2007, reporting primary data whose subjects were humans up to 12 months of age with outcome measures relating to the impact of swaddling on sleep and arousal.Data ExtractionBy hand using a customized template. A narrative synthesis is used to present the results.ResultsIn total 171 studies were retrieved with 115 studies discarded at title. A further 43 were discarded at abstract, and six were discarded at full text. Two papers were combined as they reported on the same study giving a total of 6 studies that met the inclusion criteria for the review. An evidence hierarchy was used to assess Risk of Bias in the included studies; the results are presented via a narrative synthesis. Swaddling was associated with increased duration of quiet sleep in infants and a significantly reduced number of sleep state changes among infants naïve to the intervention.LimitationsThe integrity of the intervention (swaddling) including its baseline characteristics, was defined broadly across the included studies limiting the interpretation and transferability of the results of this review.ConclusionsSwaddling appears to increase quiet sleep duration in infants and reduces the number of sleep state changes among infants naïve to the intervention. Parents should be made aware that implementing conditions unfavorable to arousability may increase SUDI risk among infant who have not previously been swaddled. This review has relevance for informing future practice recommendations and parent advice as well as in designing future studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:07:45Z |
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| id | doaj.art-010e199458804213a5885038b3f382d7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:07:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-010e199458804213a5885038b3f382d72022-12-22T03:46:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602022-11-011010.3389/fped.2022.10001801000180The effect of swaddling on infant sleep and arousal: A systematic review and narrative synthesisAllison DixleyHelen L. BallBackgroundWestern parents swaddle infants to promote sleep and reduce night-waking, however recent evidence of the effects of swaddling on the sleep of healthy infants has not been systematically reviewed.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of swaddling on the sleep of infants up to 1 year of age using a narrative synthesis approach.Data SourcesWe systematically searched five academic databases, including the Cochrane trial registry (Pubmed, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane library, and Blackwell Synergy). We manually searched reference lists and citations of included studies and reference lists of existing reviews.Study SelectionStudies of any type, published since 2007, reporting primary data whose subjects were humans up to 12 months of age with outcome measures relating to the impact of swaddling on sleep and arousal.Data ExtractionBy hand using a customized template. A narrative synthesis is used to present the results.ResultsIn total 171 studies were retrieved with 115 studies discarded at title. A further 43 were discarded at abstract, and six were discarded at full text. Two papers were combined as they reported on the same study giving a total of 6 studies that met the inclusion criteria for the review. An evidence hierarchy was used to assess Risk of Bias in the included studies; the results are presented via a narrative synthesis. Swaddling was associated with increased duration of quiet sleep in infants and a significantly reduced number of sleep state changes among infants naïve to the intervention.LimitationsThe integrity of the intervention (swaddling) including its baseline characteristics, was defined broadly across the included studies limiting the interpretation and transferability of the results of this review.ConclusionsSwaddling appears to increase quiet sleep duration in infants and reduces the number of sleep state changes among infants naïve to the intervention. Parents should be made aware that implementing conditions unfavorable to arousability may increase SUDI risk among infant who have not previously been swaddled. This review has relevance for informing future practice recommendations and parent advice as well as in designing future studies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2022.1000180/fullinfant care [methods]infant sleepparenting (MeSH)sleep durationarousal |
| spellingShingle | Allison Dixley Helen L. Ball The effect of swaddling on infant sleep and arousal: A systematic review and narrative synthesis Frontiers in Pediatrics infant care [methods] infant sleep parenting (MeSH) sleep duration arousal |
| title | The effect of swaddling on infant sleep and arousal: A systematic review and narrative synthesis |
| title_full | The effect of swaddling on infant sleep and arousal: A systematic review and narrative synthesis |
| title_fullStr | The effect of swaddling on infant sleep and arousal: A systematic review and narrative synthesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of swaddling on infant sleep and arousal: A systematic review and narrative synthesis |
| title_short | The effect of swaddling on infant sleep and arousal: A systematic review and narrative synthesis |
| title_sort | effect of swaddling on infant sleep and arousal a systematic review and narrative synthesis |
| topic | infant care [methods] infant sleep parenting (MeSH) sleep duration arousal |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2022.1000180/full |
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