Analyses of Interpolant Ion Effects on Smart Water Core Flooding in Carbonate
Smart water flooding (SWF) is a promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique due to its economic advantages. For this process, wettability alteration is the most accepted controlling effect that leads to increased recovery factors (RFs). The main objective of this work is to investigate how the r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/446 |
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| author | Ladislane dos Santos Bastos Igor Emanuel da Silva Lins Gloria Meyberg Nunes Costa Silvio Alexandre Beisl Vieira de Melo |
| author_facet | Ladislane dos Santos Bastos Igor Emanuel da Silva Lins Gloria Meyberg Nunes Costa Silvio Alexandre Beisl Vieira de Melo |
| author_sort | Ladislane dos Santos Bastos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Smart water flooding (SWF) is a promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique due to its economic advantages. For this process, wettability alteration is the most accepted controlling effect that leads to increased recovery factors (RFs). The main objective of this work is to investigate how the relative permeability curves’ interpolant affects the SWF mechanisms’ assessment. Wettability alteration is described by shifting these curves in simulations. Numerical simulations of core flooding tests are applied to carbonate at 114.4 °C. A comparison of oil recovery factor (RF), pH and effluent composition is performed for different injection approaches. Mg<sup>2+</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> are the interpolant ions and the salinity levels range from 30 to 1 kppm. A simulation of 24 scenarios, 12 for each type of interpolant, is presented. Results show that RF changes significantly, due to salinity and composition, for each interpolant. This has a relevant influence on the interpolant. The greater the dilution, the smaller the effect of the interpolant and brine composition on the recovery estimates. When considering SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> as an interpolant, the trend is that divalent rich brine (DV) has a higher recovery factor. In contrast, when Mg<sup>2+</sup> is the interpolant, DV tends to have a lower recovery. The analysis of ionic exchange and pH variation corroborate the wettability alteration behavior. A pH increase was observed in all scenarios, regardless of the salinity, ion composition or interpolant variation. Also, monitoring the CH<sub>3</sub>COO-X reduction and SO<sub>4</sub>-X<sub>2</sub> increase equivalent fractions indicated the ion exchange mechanism as being well represented in all simulations. In addition, the results emphasize that even at very low concentrations, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> plays a fundamental role in initiating the ion exchange process that culminates in the wettability alteration as a consequence of smart water injection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:01:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-011863e5d40b46bbab2910d3bd21e926 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:01:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-011863e5d40b46bbab2910d3bd21e9262023-11-16T15:19:15ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-12-0116144610.3390/en16010446Analyses of Interpolant Ion Effects on Smart Water Core Flooding in CarbonateLadislane dos Santos Bastos0Igor Emanuel da Silva Lins1Gloria Meyberg Nunes Costa2Silvio Alexandre Beisl Vieira de Melo3Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Industrial, Escola Politécnica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Aristides Novis, 2, Federação, Salvador 40210-630, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Industrial, Escola Politécnica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Aristides Novis, 2, Federação, Salvador 40210-630, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Industrial, Escola Politécnica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Aristides Novis, 2, Federação, Salvador 40210-630, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Industrial, Escola Politécnica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Aristides Novis, 2, Federação, Salvador 40210-630, BrazilSmart water flooding (SWF) is a promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique due to its economic advantages. For this process, wettability alteration is the most accepted controlling effect that leads to increased recovery factors (RFs). The main objective of this work is to investigate how the relative permeability curves’ interpolant affects the SWF mechanisms’ assessment. Wettability alteration is described by shifting these curves in simulations. Numerical simulations of core flooding tests are applied to carbonate at 114.4 °C. A comparison of oil recovery factor (RF), pH and effluent composition is performed for different injection approaches. Mg<sup>2+</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> are the interpolant ions and the salinity levels range from 30 to 1 kppm. A simulation of 24 scenarios, 12 for each type of interpolant, is presented. Results show that RF changes significantly, due to salinity and composition, for each interpolant. This has a relevant influence on the interpolant. The greater the dilution, the smaller the effect of the interpolant and brine composition on the recovery estimates. When considering SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> as an interpolant, the trend is that divalent rich brine (DV) has a higher recovery factor. In contrast, when Mg<sup>2+</sup> is the interpolant, DV tends to have a lower recovery. The analysis of ionic exchange and pH variation corroborate the wettability alteration behavior. A pH increase was observed in all scenarios, regardless of the salinity, ion composition or interpolant variation. Also, monitoring the CH<sub>3</sub>COO-X reduction and SO<sub>4</sub>-X<sub>2</sub> increase equivalent fractions indicated the ion exchange mechanism as being well represented in all simulations. In addition, the results emphasize that even at very low concentrations, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> plays a fundamental role in initiating the ion exchange process that culminates in the wettability alteration as a consequence of smart water injection.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/446smart water floodinginterpolantscarbonatesimulation |
| spellingShingle | Ladislane dos Santos Bastos Igor Emanuel da Silva Lins Gloria Meyberg Nunes Costa Silvio Alexandre Beisl Vieira de Melo Analyses of Interpolant Ion Effects on Smart Water Core Flooding in Carbonate Energies smart water flooding interpolants carbonate simulation |
| title | Analyses of Interpolant Ion Effects on Smart Water Core Flooding in Carbonate |
| title_full | Analyses of Interpolant Ion Effects on Smart Water Core Flooding in Carbonate |
| title_fullStr | Analyses of Interpolant Ion Effects on Smart Water Core Flooding in Carbonate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analyses of Interpolant Ion Effects on Smart Water Core Flooding in Carbonate |
| title_short | Analyses of Interpolant Ion Effects on Smart Water Core Flooding in Carbonate |
| title_sort | analyses of interpolant ion effects on smart water core flooding in carbonate |
| topic | smart water flooding interpolants carbonate simulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/446 |
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