Prognostic factors for the outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants
Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has replaced the previously dominant Delta variant because of high transmissibility. However, studies on the impact of the Omicron variant on the severity of COVID-19 are still limited in developing countries. Our study aimed to determine the progno...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-08-01
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| Series: | BMC Medical Genomics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-023-01637-1 |
| _version_ | 1797451093927526400 |
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| author | Gunadi Mohamad Saifudin Hakim Hendra Wibawa Khanza Adzkia Vujira Dyah Ayu Puspitarani Endah Supriyati Ika Trisnawati Kristy Iskandar Riat El Khair Afiahayati Siswanto Yunika Puspadewi Sri Handayani Irianingsih Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih Laudria Stella Eryvinka Fadila Dyah Trie Utami Edita Mayda Devana Lanang Aditama Nathania Christi Putri Kinasih Yekti Hediningsih Nur Rahmi Ananda Marcellus Eggi Arguni Titik Nuryastuti Tri Wibawa |
| author_facet | Gunadi Mohamad Saifudin Hakim Hendra Wibawa Khanza Adzkia Vujira Dyah Ayu Puspitarani Endah Supriyati Ika Trisnawati Kristy Iskandar Riat El Khair Afiahayati Siswanto Yunika Puspadewi Sri Handayani Irianingsih Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih Laudria Stella Eryvinka Fadila Dyah Trie Utami Edita Mayda Devana Lanang Aditama Nathania Christi Putri Kinasih Yekti Hediningsih Nur Rahmi Ananda Marcellus Eggi Arguni Titik Nuryastuti Tri Wibawa |
| author_sort | Gunadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has replaced the previously dominant Delta variant because of high transmissibility. However, studies on the impact of the Omicron variant on the severity of COVID-19 are still limited in developing countries. Our study aimed to determine the prognostic factors for the outcomes of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants, including age, sex, comorbidities, and smoking. Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we involved 352 patients with COVID-19 from Yogyakarta and Central Java provinces, Indonesia, from May 2021 to February 2022, consisting of 164 males and 188 females. We included all patients with the PCR’s Ct value of less than 30 for further whole-genome sequencing. Results Ct value and mean age of COVID-19 patients were not significantly different between both groups (p = 0.146 and 0.273, respectively). Patients infected with Omicron (n = 139) and Delta (n = 213) variants showed similar hospitalization (p = 0.396) and mortality rates (p = 0.565). Multivariate analysis of both groups showed that older age (≥ 65 years) had a higher risk for hospitalization (OR = 3.86 [95% CI = 1.29–11.5]; p = 0.015) and fatalities (OR = 3.91 [95% CI = 1.35–11.42]; p = 0.012). In both groups, patients with cardiovascular disease had a higher risk for hospitalization (OR = 5.36 [95% CI = 1.08–26.52]; p = 0.039), whereas patients with diabetes revealed a higher risk for fatalities (OR = 9.47 [95% CI = 3.23–27.01]; p = < 0.001). Conclusions Our study shows that patients infected with Omicron and Delta variants reveal similar clinical outcomes, including hospitalization and mortality. Our findings further confirm that older age, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes are substantial prognostic factors for the outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Our findings imply that COVID-19 patients with older age, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes should be treated comprehensively and cautiously to prevent further morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, incomplete data on vaccination status hampered us from analyzing further its impact on hospitalization and mortality in our patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:49:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-012489d576b947f2b37da55e5791e1fa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1755-8794 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:49:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Medical Genomics |
| spelling | doaj.art-012489d576b947f2b37da55e5791e1fa2023-11-26T14:30:17ZengBMCBMC Medical Genomics1755-87942023-08-011611910.1186/s12920-023-01637-1Prognostic factors for the outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variantsGunadi0Mohamad Saifudin Hakim1Hendra Wibawa2Khanza Adzkia Vujira3Dyah Ayu Puspitarani4Endah Supriyati5Ika Trisnawati6Kristy Iskandar7Riat El Khair8Afiahayati9Siswanto10Yunika Puspadewi11Sri Handayani Irianingsih12Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih13Laudria Stella Eryvinka14Fadila Dyah Trie Utami15Edita Mayda Devana16Lanang Aditama17Nathania Christi Putri Kinasih18Yekti Hediningsih19Nur Rahmi Ananda20Marcellus21Eggi Arguni22Titik Nuryastuti23Tri Wibawa24Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah MadaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah MadaDirectorate General, and Livestock Services, Disease Investigation Center Wates (Balai Besar Veteriner Wates), Ministry of Agriculture IndonesiaPediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah MadaPediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah MadaCentre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah MadaPulmonology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito HospitalDepartment of Child Health/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/UGM Academic HospitalDepartment of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito HospitalDepartment of Computer Science and Electronics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah MadaDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/UGM Academic HospitalDepartment of Child Health/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/UGM Academic HospitalDirectorate General, and Livestock Services, Disease Investigation Center Wates (Balai Besar Veteriner Wates), Ministry of Agriculture IndonesiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapy/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah MadaPediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah MadaPediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah MadaPediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah MadaPediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah MadaPediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah MadaBalai Laboratorium Kesehatan dan Pengujian Alat Kesehatan, Central JavaPulmonology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito HospitalPediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah MadaDepartment of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito HospitalDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah MadaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah MadaAbstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has replaced the previously dominant Delta variant because of high transmissibility. However, studies on the impact of the Omicron variant on the severity of COVID-19 are still limited in developing countries. Our study aimed to determine the prognostic factors for the outcomes of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants, including age, sex, comorbidities, and smoking. Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we involved 352 patients with COVID-19 from Yogyakarta and Central Java provinces, Indonesia, from May 2021 to February 2022, consisting of 164 males and 188 females. We included all patients with the PCR’s Ct value of less than 30 for further whole-genome sequencing. Results Ct value and mean age of COVID-19 patients were not significantly different between both groups (p = 0.146 and 0.273, respectively). Patients infected with Omicron (n = 139) and Delta (n = 213) variants showed similar hospitalization (p = 0.396) and mortality rates (p = 0.565). Multivariate analysis of both groups showed that older age (≥ 65 years) had a higher risk for hospitalization (OR = 3.86 [95% CI = 1.29–11.5]; p = 0.015) and fatalities (OR = 3.91 [95% CI = 1.35–11.42]; p = 0.012). In both groups, patients with cardiovascular disease had a higher risk for hospitalization (OR = 5.36 [95% CI = 1.08–26.52]; p = 0.039), whereas patients with diabetes revealed a higher risk for fatalities (OR = 9.47 [95% CI = 3.23–27.01]; p = < 0.001). Conclusions Our study shows that patients infected with Omicron and Delta variants reveal similar clinical outcomes, including hospitalization and mortality. Our findings further confirm that older age, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes are substantial prognostic factors for the outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Our findings imply that COVID-19 patients with older age, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes should be treated comprehensively and cautiously to prevent further morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, incomplete data on vaccination status hampered us from analyzing further its impact on hospitalization and mortality in our patients.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-023-01637-1Delta variantHospitalizationMortalityOmicron variantSARS-CoV-2COVID-19 outcomes |
| spellingShingle | Gunadi Mohamad Saifudin Hakim Hendra Wibawa Khanza Adzkia Vujira Dyah Ayu Puspitarani Endah Supriyati Ika Trisnawati Kristy Iskandar Riat El Khair Afiahayati Siswanto Yunika Puspadewi Sri Handayani Irianingsih Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih Laudria Stella Eryvinka Fadila Dyah Trie Utami Edita Mayda Devana Lanang Aditama Nathania Christi Putri Kinasih Yekti Hediningsih Nur Rahmi Ananda Marcellus Eggi Arguni Titik Nuryastuti Tri Wibawa Prognostic factors for the outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants BMC Medical Genomics Delta variant Hospitalization Mortality Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 outcomes |
| title | Prognostic factors for the outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants |
| title_full | Prognostic factors for the outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants |
| title_fullStr | Prognostic factors for the outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prognostic factors for the outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants |
| title_short | Prognostic factors for the outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants |
| title_sort | prognostic factors for the outcomes of covid 19 patients infected with sars cov 2 omicron and delta variants |
| topic | Delta variant Hospitalization Mortality Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 outcomes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-023-01637-1 |
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