Modification of the nanostructure of lignocellulose cell walls via a non-enzymatic lignocellulose deconstruction system in brown rot wood-decay fungi
Abstract Wood decayed by brown rot fungi and wood treated with the chelator-mediated Fenton (CMF) reaction, either alone or together with a cellulose enzyme cocktail, was analyzed by small angle neutron scattering (SANS), sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2017-07-01
|
| Series: | Biotechnology for Biofuels |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13068-017-0865-2 |
| _version_ | 1818263864244961280 |
|---|---|
| author | Barry Goodell Yuan Zhu Seong Kim Kabindra Kafle Daniel Eastwood Geoffrey Daniel Jody Jellison Makoto Yoshida Leslie Groom Sai Venkatesh Pingali Hugh O’Neill |
| author_facet | Barry Goodell Yuan Zhu Seong Kim Kabindra Kafle Daniel Eastwood Geoffrey Daniel Jody Jellison Makoto Yoshida Leslie Groom Sai Venkatesh Pingali Hugh O’Neill |
| author_sort | Barry Goodell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Wood decayed by brown rot fungi and wood treated with the chelator-mediated Fenton (CMF) reaction, either alone or together with a cellulose enzyme cocktail, was analyzed by small angle neutron scattering (SANS), sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results showed that the CMF mechanism mimicked brown rot fungal attack for both holocellulose and lignin components of the wood. Crystalline cellulose and lignin were both depolymerized by the CMF reaction. Porosity of the softwood cell wall did not increase during CMF treatment, enzymes secreted by the fungi did not penetrate the decayed wood. The enzymes in the cellulose cocktail also did not appear to alter the effects of the CMF-treated wood relative to enhancing cell wall deconstruction. This suggests a rethinking of current brown rot decay models and supports a model where monomeric sugars and oligosaccharides diffuse from the softwood cell walls during non-enzymatic action. In this regard, the CMF mechanism should not be thought of as a “pretreatment” used to permit enzymatic penetration into softwood cell walls, but instead it enhances polysaccharide components diffusing to fungal enzymes located in wood cell lumen environments during decay. SANS and other data are consistent with a model for repolymerization and aggregation of at least some portion of the lignin within the cell wall, and this is supported by AFM and TEM data. The data suggest that new approaches for conversion of wood substrates to platform chemicals in biorefineries could be achieved using the CMF mechanism with >75% solubilization of lignocellulose, but that a more selective suite of enzymes and other downstream treatments may be required to work when using CMF deconstruction technology. Strategies to enhance polysaccharide release from lignocellulose substrates for enhanced enzymatic action and fermentation of the released fraction would also aid in the efficient recovery of the more uniform modified lignin fraction that the CMF reaction generates to enhance biorefinery profitability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:25:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01331d2047ca419f89a898fc811a7904 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1754-6834 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:25:47Z |
| publishDate | 2017-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biotechnology for Biofuels |
| spelling | doaj.art-01331d2047ca419f89a898fc811a79042022-12-22T00:14:31ZengBMCBiotechnology for Biofuels1754-68342017-07-0110111510.1186/s13068-017-0865-2Modification of the nanostructure of lignocellulose cell walls via a non-enzymatic lignocellulose deconstruction system in brown rot wood-decay fungiBarry Goodell0Yuan Zhu1Seong Kim2Kabindra Kafle3Daniel Eastwood4Geoffrey Daniel5Jody Jellison6Makoto Yoshida7Leslie Groom8Sai Venkatesh Pingali9Hugh O’Neill10Department of Microbiology, Morrill Science Center IV, University of MassachusettsState Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State UniversityDepartment of Biosciences, Swansea UniversityDepartment of Forest Products/Wood Science, Swedish University of Agricultural ScienceCenter for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, University of MassachusettsDepartment of Environmental and Natural Resource Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyUSDA Forest Service, Southern Research StationBiology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryBiology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryAbstract Wood decayed by brown rot fungi and wood treated with the chelator-mediated Fenton (CMF) reaction, either alone or together with a cellulose enzyme cocktail, was analyzed by small angle neutron scattering (SANS), sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results showed that the CMF mechanism mimicked brown rot fungal attack for both holocellulose and lignin components of the wood. Crystalline cellulose and lignin were both depolymerized by the CMF reaction. Porosity of the softwood cell wall did not increase during CMF treatment, enzymes secreted by the fungi did not penetrate the decayed wood. The enzymes in the cellulose cocktail also did not appear to alter the effects of the CMF-treated wood relative to enhancing cell wall deconstruction. This suggests a rethinking of current brown rot decay models and supports a model where monomeric sugars and oligosaccharides diffuse from the softwood cell walls during non-enzymatic action. In this regard, the CMF mechanism should not be thought of as a “pretreatment” used to permit enzymatic penetration into softwood cell walls, but instead it enhances polysaccharide components diffusing to fungal enzymes located in wood cell lumen environments during decay. SANS and other data are consistent with a model for repolymerization and aggregation of at least some portion of the lignin within the cell wall, and this is supported by AFM and TEM data. The data suggest that new approaches for conversion of wood substrates to platform chemicals in biorefineries could be achieved using the CMF mechanism with >75% solubilization of lignocellulose, but that a more selective suite of enzymes and other downstream treatments may be required to work when using CMF deconstruction technology. Strategies to enhance polysaccharide release from lignocellulose substrates for enhanced enzymatic action and fermentation of the released fraction would also aid in the efficient recovery of the more uniform modified lignin fraction that the CMF reaction generates to enhance biorefinery profitability.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13068-017-0865-2Chelator-mediated FentonBrown rot fungiSmall angle neutron scatteringCellulose crystallinityLignin depolymerizationBiomass biorefinery |
| spellingShingle | Barry Goodell Yuan Zhu Seong Kim Kabindra Kafle Daniel Eastwood Geoffrey Daniel Jody Jellison Makoto Yoshida Leslie Groom Sai Venkatesh Pingali Hugh O’Neill Modification of the nanostructure of lignocellulose cell walls via a non-enzymatic lignocellulose deconstruction system in brown rot wood-decay fungi Biotechnology for Biofuels Chelator-mediated Fenton Brown rot fungi Small angle neutron scattering Cellulose crystallinity Lignin depolymerization Biomass biorefinery |
| title | Modification of the nanostructure of lignocellulose cell walls via a non-enzymatic lignocellulose deconstruction system in brown rot wood-decay fungi |
| title_full | Modification of the nanostructure of lignocellulose cell walls via a non-enzymatic lignocellulose deconstruction system in brown rot wood-decay fungi |
| title_fullStr | Modification of the nanostructure of lignocellulose cell walls via a non-enzymatic lignocellulose deconstruction system in brown rot wood-decay fungi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modification of the nanostructure of lignocellulose cell walls via a non-enzymatic lignocellulose deconstruction system in brown rot wood-decay fungi |
| title_short | Modification of the nanostructure of lignocellulose cell walls via a non-enzymatic lignocellulose deconstruction system in brown rot wood-decay fungi |
| title_sort | modification of the nanostructure of lignocellulose cell walls via a non enzymatic lignocellulose deconstruction system in brown rot wood decay fungi |
| topic | Chelator-mediated Fenton Brown rot fungi Small angle neutron scattering Cellulose crystallinity Lignin depolymerization Biomass biorefinery |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13068-017-0865-2 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT barrygoodell modificationofthenanostructureoflignocellulosecellwallsviaanonenzymaticlignocellulosedeconstructionsysteminbrownrotwooddecayfungi AT yuanzhu modificationofthenanostructureoflignocellulosecellwallsviaanonenzymaticlignocellulosedeconstructionsysteminbrownrotwooddecayfungi AT seongkim modificationofthenanostructureoflignocellulosecellwallsviaanonenzymaticlignocellulosedeconstructionsysteminbrownrotwooddecayfungi AT kabindrakafle modificationofthenanostructureoflignocellulosecellwallsviaanonenzymaticlignocellulosedeconstructionsysteminbrownrotwooddecayfungi AT danieleastwood modificationofthenanostructureoflignocellulosecellwallsviaanonenzymaticlignocellulosedeconstructionsysteminbrownrotwooddecayfungi AT geoffreydaniel modificationofthenanostructureoflignocellulosecellwallsviaanonenzymaticlignocellulosedeconstructionsysteminbrownrotwooddecayfungi AT jodyjellison modificationofthenanostructureoflignocellulosecellwallsviaanonenzymaticlignocellulosedeconstructionsysteminbrownrotwooddecayfungi AT makotoyoshida modificationofthenanostructureoflignocellulosecellwallsviaanonenzymaticlignocellulosedeconstructionsysteminbrownrotwooddecayfungi AT lesliegroom modificationofthenanostructureoflignocellulosecellwallsviaanonenzymaticlignocellulosedeconstructionsysteminbrownrotwooddecayfungi AT saivenkateshpingali modificationofthenanostructureoflignocellulosecellwallsviaanonenzymaticlignocellulosedeconstructionsysteminbrownrotwooddecayfungi AT hughoneill modificationofthenanostructureoflignocellulosecellwallsviaanonenzymaticlignocellulosedeconstructionsysteminbrownrotwooddecayfungi |