Mechanism of Wheat Leaf Rust Control Using Chitosan Nanoparticles and Salicylic Acid
Wheat leaf rust is one of the world’s most widespread rusts. The progress of the disease was monitored using two treatments: chitosan nanoparticles and salicylic acid (SA), as well as three application methods; spraying before or after the inoculation by 24 h, and spraying both before and after the...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/3/304 |
| _version_ | 1797446479057518592 |
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| author | Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy Reda Ibrahim Omara Yasser Sabry Mostafa Saad Abdulrahman Alamri Mohamed Hashem Sulaiman A. Alrumman Abdelmonim Ali Ahmad |
| author_facet | Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy Reda Ibrahim Omara Yasser Sabry Mostafa Saad Abdulrahman Alamri Mohamed Hashem Sulaiman A. Alrumman Abdelmonim Ali Ahmad |
| author_sort | Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wheat leaf rust is one of the world’s most widespread rusts. The progress of the disease was monitored using two treatments: chitosan nanoparticles and salicylic acid (SA), as well as three application methods; spraying before or after the inoculation by 24 h, and spraying both before and after the inoculation by 24 h. Urediniospore germination was significantly different between the two treatments. Wheat plants tested for latent and incubation periods, pustule size and receptivity and infection type showed significantly reduced leaf rust when compared to untreated plants. <i>Puccinia</i><i>triticina</i> urediniospores showed abnormalities, collapse, lysis, and shrinkage as a result of chitosan nanoparticles treatment. The enzymes, peroxidase and catalase, were increased in the activities. In both treatments, superoxide (O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), were apparent as purple and brown discolorations. Chitosan nanoparticles and SA treatments resulted in much more discoloration and quantitative measurements than untreated plants. In anatomical examinations, chitosan nanoparticles enhanced thickness of blade (µ), thickness of mesophyll tissue, thickness of the lower and upper epidermis and bundle length and width in the midrib compared to the control. In the control treatment’s top epidermis, several sori and a large number of urediniospores were found. Most anatomical characters of flag leaves in control plants were reduced by biotic stress with <i>P. triticina</i>. Transcription levels of <i>PR1-PR5</i> and <i>PR10</i> genes were activated in chitosan nanoparticles treated plants at 0, 1 and 2 days after inoculation. In light of the data, we suggest that the prospective use of chitosan nanoparticles might be an eco-friendly strategy to improve growth and control of leaf rust disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:41:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01349f539d1e4b8c923da0fbdc54bdee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:41:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-01349f539d1e4b8c923da0fbdc54bdee2023-11-30T21:05:36ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2022-03-018330410.3390/jof8030304Mechanism of Wheat Leaf Rust Control Using Chitosan Nanoparticles and Salicylic AcidMohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy0Reda Ibrahim Omara1Yasser Sabry Mostafa2Saad Abdulrahman Alamri3Mohamed Hashem4Sulaiman A. Alrumman5Abdelmonim Ali Ahmad6Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, EgyptWheat Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, EgyptDepartment of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El Minia 61519, EgyptWheat leaf rust is one of the world’s most widespread rusts. The progress of the disease was monitored using two treatments: chitosan nanoparticles and salicylic acid (SA), as well as three application methods; spraying before or after the inoculation by 24 h, and spraying both before and after the inoculation by 24 h. Urediniospore germination was significantly different between the two treatments. Wheat plants tested for latent and incubation periods, pustule size and receptivity and infection type showed significantly reduced leaf rust when compared to untreated plants. <i>Puccinia</i><i>triticina</i> urediniospores showed abnormalities, collapse, lysis, and shrinkage as a result of chitosan nanoparticles treatment. The enzymes, peroxidase and catalase, were increased in the activities. In both treatments, superoxide (O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), were apparent as purple and brown discolorations. Chitosan nanoparticles and SA treatments resulted in much more discoloration and quantitative measurements than untreated plants. In anatomical examinations, chitosan nanoparticles enhanced thickness of blade (µ), thickness of mesophyll tissue, thickness of the lower and upper epidermis and bundle length and width in the midrib compared to the control. In the control treatment’s top epidermis, several sori and a large number of urediniospores were found. Most anatomical characters of flag leaves in control plants were reduced by biotic stress with <i>P. triticina</i>. Transcription levels of <i>PR1-PR5</i> and <i>PR10</i> genes were activated in chitosan nanoparticles treated plants at 0, 1 and 2 days after inoculation. In light of the data, we suggest that the prospective use of chitosan nanoparticles might be an eco-friendly strategy to improve growth and control of leaf rust disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/3/304<i>Puccinia triticina</i>wheatsalicylic acidchitosan nanoparticlesenzymesROS |
| spellingShingle | Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy Reda Ibrahim Omara Yasser Sabry Mostafa Saad Abdulrahman Alamri Mohamed Hashem Sulaiman A. Alrumman Abdelmonim Ali Ahmad Mechanism of Wheat Leaf Rust Control Using Chitosan Nanoparticles and Salicylic Acid Journal of Fungi <i>Puccinia triticina</i> wheat salicylic acid chitosan nanoparticles enzymes ROS |
| title | Mechanism of Wheat Leaf Rust Control Using Chitosan Nanoparticles and Salicylic Acid |
| title_full | Mechanism of Wheat Leaf Rust Control Using Chitosan Nanoparticles and Salicylic Acid |
| title_fullStr | Mechanism of Wheat Leaf Rust Control Using Chitosan Nanoparticles and Salicylic Acid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanism of Wheat Leaf Rust Control Using Chitosan Nanoparticles and Salicylic Acid |
| title_short | Mechanism of Wheat Leaf Rust Control Using Chitosan Nanoparticles and Salicylic Acid |
| title_sort | mechanism of wheat leaf rust control using chitosan nanoparticles and salicylic acid |
| topic | <i>Puccinia triticina</i> wheat salicylic acid chitosan nanoparticles enzymes ROS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/3/304 |
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